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All Journal Al'Adalah An-Nisa’ Journal of Gender Studies
Zaimina, Ach Barocky
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Religion Humanities Education Social Sciences

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Addressing digital religious polarization: Policy analysis of religious moderation narratives on Indonesian government social media Zaimina, Ach Barocky
Al'Adalah Vol. 28 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/aladalah.v28i1.572

Abstract

This article examines how Indonesian state institutions construct and communicate narratives of religious moderation in a contested digital public sphere. Focusing on the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA) and the National Counter-Terrorism Agency (BNPT), the study employs a descriptive qualitative design that integrates digital observation of official Instagram, X/Twitter, and YouTube accounts from January to December 2024, analysis of policy documents and institutional reports, and semi-structured interviews with policymakers and social-media administrators. Data are analysed through content and framing analysis, as well as interview-based thematic coding with triangulation. Findings indicate that state messaging is dominated by normative, declarative, and largely one-way communication, which is associated with weaker dialogic engagement and recurrent scepticism in comment spaces. By contrast, personal testimonies, lived-experience narratives, and non-patronising visual rhetoric receive more favourable reactions and lower resistance. Emotional appeal, contextual relevance, and a personal approach emerge as key determinants of constructive uptake, whereas limited responsiveness and broadcast-style posting amplify disengagement. The article links these reception patterns to post-truth dynamics and conceptualises monologic digital communication as a governance effect. It concludes that participatory public diplomacy, centred on co-creation with trusted intermediaries and institutionalised listening, provides an operational pathway to strengthen digital religious resilience.
Deconstructing gender norms in pesantren: a critical etnographic study of the pesantren curriculum in Indonesia Zaimina, Ach Barocky; Asnawan, Asnawan; Sohwang, Anuwat
An-Nisa' Journal of Gender Studies  Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): An-Nisa' Journal of Gender Studies
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Service, Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, East Java, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/annisa.v18i2.367

Abstract

Pesantren in Indonesia maintain traditional gender structures through formal and non-formal curricula, reproducing male dominance, limiting female participation, and reinforcing patriarchal hierarchies amid rapid social change. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of gender power reproduction and contestation in three pesantren in East Java through a critical ethnographic approach, tracing layered patriarchy and symbolic agency within pedagogical practices and the pesantren curriculum. This study employed a critical ethnographic approach with a case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 informants and analyses of curriculum documents. Data analysis applied Carspecken’s critical ethnographic framework, supported by source triangulation, theoretical triangulation, and ideological critique. The findings revealed four main issues: (1) pesantren curricula reproduce gender inequality through patriarchal roles and vertical power relations; (2) resistance emerges through progressive female teachers, critical students, and informal learning groups; (3) gender-responsive curricula are hindered by monolithic religious content, patriarchal structures, and limited teacher competence; and (4) minimal representation of female Islamic scholars limits students’ recognition of women as religious role models. The study demonstrates that pesantren reproduce patriarchy through curricula, institutional structures, and symbolic representations, while resistance from female teachers and students remains largely symbolic due to the absence of sustainable structural reform. This study contributes to expanding the concept of patriarchal habitus and proposes a pesantren patriarchy contestation model through curriculum reform, critical pedagogy, inclusive policies, and strengthening women’s participation toward sustainable structural transformation.  
Co-Authors Asnawan Asnawan, Asnawan Sohwang, Anuwat