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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia
Chakranon, Pairote
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Individual and community factors of early sexual debut among adolescents in Indonesia: Evidence from demographic and health survey Sulistiawan, Dedik; Arifa, Riza Fatma; Matahari, Ratu; Chakranon, Pairote
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 16, No 2, (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol16.Iss2.art5

Abstract

Background: Early sexual debut by adolescents is a major public health issue with long-term consequences for sexual and reproductive health. Research has highlighted the role of social skills, peer influence, and social norms in shaping the risk of early sexual initiation among adolescents. However, there is still insufficient evidenceto contextualize the contributing factors in socio-ecological framework, especially in the era of disruptive technologies in Indonesia.Objective: This study was to examine the individual and community-level factors associated with early sexual debut in adolescents socio-ecological framework.Methods: This cross-sectional study utilizing data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). Individual-level factors included gender, age, work and school participation, dating experience, perceived peer pressure and access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information. Factors at community level include the area of residence and community internet access. Multilevel logistic regression was used, with effect sizes reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: Adolescents with dating experience (OR: 18.41; 95% CI: 8.14–41.62), those with friends who had an early sexual debut (OR: 6.24; 95% CI: 4.81–8.09), and those who had a good understanding of pregnancy prevention (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.41–2.11) were more likely to experience early sexual debut. Protective factors included discussing SRH with teachers (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64–0.90) and first exposure to SRH education at the junior (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.47–0.77) or senior high school level (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.23–0.74). An analysis at Community-level has shown that adolescents in areas with high internet accessare 59% less likely to engage in early sexual debut than their counterparts.Conclusion: Individual and community-level factors, including internet access, influence adolescent early sexual debut. Reinforcing sexual and reproductive health education in formal education systems is essential, especially in areas with limited acces to internet.
Key influencers of puberty knowledge among Indonesian adolescents: the role of social networks Sulistiawan, Dedik; Arifa, Riza Fatma; Matahari, Ratu; Dirgantara, Syariatul; Chakranon, Pairote
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26192

Abstract

Accurate reproductive health knowledge is essential for adolescents, yet many in Indonesia poorly informed, contributing to risky behaviors. While prior studies have focused on the effectiveness of reproductive health promotion media, limited research has explored the role of social networks in shaping adolescent reproductive health knowledge. This study aimed to investigate the key influencers within adolescents' social networks by analyzing the association between discussion partners on sexuality and knowledge of puberty-related traits. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, with a sample of 23,361 unmarried adolescents. We assessed knowledge of puberty onset traits and discussion partners on sexuality issues as predictors. Multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, wealth index, and residence, was employed to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Approximately half of the adolescents demonstrated a good knowledge of puberty-related traits. Engaging in discussions about sexuality with friends, mothers, relatives, teachers, and health professionals was positively associated with higher knowledge levels. Adolescents who engaged with these sources were more likely to have a better understanding of puberty-related traits. Utilizing key influencers within these networks can be crucial in promoting accurate reproductive health knowledge and reducing risky behaviors in this population.
Co-Authors Arifa, Riza Fatma Dedik Sulistiawan Dirgantara, Syariatul Ratu Matahari