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All Journal HEALTH FRONTIERS (MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS)
Harahap, Syaharani Putri
Unknown Affiliation
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Equity in Healthcare Referrals: Navigating Legal Rights and Digital Frontiers for Fair Access Abdurrahman, Muhammad Naufal; Indriani, Sifa; Nurlita, Eka; Mehrunisa, Ourelova Hilyatul; Harahap, Syaharani Putri; Islami, Tiara Audyna; Suryanto, Riezky Alfaryzy; Azizah, Maylatul; Mumtazah, Kayyisah Iffat
Health Frontiers: Multidisciplinary Journal for Health Professionals Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Health Frontiers
Publisher : Tarqabin Nusantara Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62255/mjhp.v3i1.196

Abstract

This systematic literature review investigates the legal, ethical, and practical challenges surrounding patients’ right to fair referral services, analyzing 180 peer-reviewed studies, case laws, and policy documents (2010–2023) through the PRISMA framework. While international instruments like the UDHR and ICESCR mandate equitable healthcare access, national implementations vary, with marginalized groups (e.g., Roma communities, refugees) facing systemic delays and discrimination. Case precedents such as Montgomery v Lanarkshire (2015) reinforce transparency and informed consent, yet gaps in provider awareness (35% in Poland) and patient literacy (22% in Macedonia) persist. Digital tools like AI-driven referral platforms offer efficiency but demand compliance with privacy laws (e.g., GDPR). The study highlights structural barriers—resource constraints, racial bias, and weak enforcement—and advocates for legislative reforms, anti-discrimination training, and secure digital solutions. Recommendations include standardized protocols, ombudsman oversight, and public reporting of outcomes. Future research must address equity in low-resource settings and evaluate long-term impacts of technology on referral fairness. This review underscores the urgent need to harmonize legal rights, institutional accountability, and innovation to ensure referrals uphold justice and non-discrimination
Co-Authors Abdurrahman, Muhammad Naufal Azizah, Maylatul Indriani, Sifa Islami, Tiara Audyna Mehrunisa, Ourelova Hilyatul Mumtazah, Kayyisah Iffat Nurlita, Eka Suryanto, Riezky Alfaryzy