Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
1.633
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy
Sofyan Jafar
Unknown Affiliation
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

Published : 10 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 10 Documents
Search

 1 
PELAKSANAAN PENERBITAN SERTIFIKAT PENGGANTI HAK MILIK TANAH TERHADAP SERTIFIKAT HAK ATAS TANAH YANG HILANG (Studi Penelitian Kantor Kementerian Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Langkat): (Studi Penelitian Kantor Kementerian Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Langkat) Gadis Afriani; Sofyan Jafar; Hamdani
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): (April)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jimfh.v8i2.21780

Abstract

Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA) berfungsi sebagai dasar hukum untuk penguasaan tanah di Indonesia, menjamin kepastian hukum terkait hak atas tanah yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 19 ayat (1) UUPA. Sertifikat tanah sangat penting, berfungsi sebagai bukti kuat yang memuat data fisik dan hukum yang akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membongkar proses penerbitan sertifikat pengganti untuk hak kepemilikan tanah yang sertifikat aslinya hilang. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis empiris, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen terkait penerbitan sertifikat pengganti tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerbitan sertifikat pengganti tanah merupakan prosedur administratif yang krusial untuk menjaga kepemilikan tanah dan mencegah penyelamatan. Proses ini memerlukan verifikasi dokumen yang teliti, termasuk pengajuan surat permohonan, sertifikat kehilangan, dan dokumen pendukung lainnya. Setelah menyelesaikan tahap verifikasi dan notifikasi publik, sertifikat baru akan diterbitkan jika tidak ada klaim dari pihak lain. Prosedur ini mematuhi Peraturan Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) No. 1 Tahun 2010 dan Prosedur Operasional Standar (SOP) yang relevan, sehingga memberikan kepastian hukum bagi pemilik tanah. Kelengkapan dan keabsahan dokumen sangat penting untuk memfasilitasi proses penggantian sertifikat. Namun penelitian ini juga mengungkapkan bahwa meskipun ada peraturan yang ada, pelaksanaannya seringkali tidak memenuhi harapan, menghambat hak pemilik tanah untuk mencapai kepastian hukum. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan bagi pejabat serta penyederhanaan prosedur untuk mempercepat penerbitan sertifikat pengganti, yang pada akhirnya memberikan perlindungan hukum yang lebih baik bagi masyarakat.
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CONSUMERS IN DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS IN INDONESIA Zulkifli; Sofyan Jafar; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Muhibuddin; Nasrianti
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): March
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The rapid development of information technology has accelerated the growth of digital commerce (e-commerce) in Indonesia. Along with the increasing use of electronic transaction systems, various legal problems have emerged that potentially harm consumers, including online fraud, product discrepancies, delays in delivery, misuse of personal data, and the inclusion of unfair standard clauses by business actors. These conditions indicate that consumers remain in a vulnerable position within digital transactions. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for consumers in digital commerce transactions in Indonesia and to identify the obstacles affecting its implementation. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The study examines Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and its amendments, as well as Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. The results of the study show that consumer protection regulations in Indonesia have provided a normative legal framework for safeguarding consumer rights in digital transactions. However, their implementation has not yet been fully effective due to weak supervision of digital business actors, low public legal literacy, ineffective dispute resolution mechanisms, and technological developments that progress faster than existing legal regulations. In addition, the protection of consumers’ personal data remains vulnerable due to the increasing volume of electronic data processing in e-commerce activities. This study highlights the urgency of strengthening regulatory supervision, improving digital legal literacy among the public, and optimizing personal data protection mechanisms to ensure legal certainty, justice, and security for consumers in Indonesia’s digital commerce ecosystem.
RECONSTRUCTING CONTRACT LAW: ADDRESSING INEQUALITIES AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN MODERN COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS Zulkifli; Muhibuddin; Rahmaniar; Nasrianti; Sofyan Jafar
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): December
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital platforms in Indonesia has reshaped its economy, with e-commerce transactions expected to reach IDR 487.01 trillion in 2024, positioning Indonesia as a major player in Southeast Asia's digital economy (Google, Temasek, & Bain, 2023). Despite the advancements, the platform economy has introduced significant inequalities between platform operators and consumers, leading to consumer exploitation through data manipulation, dynamic pricing algorithms, and unclear contract terms. These issues are further exacerbated by Indonesia’s existing legal framework, which struggles to address the challenges posed by digital transactions. This study critically evaluates Indonesia's consumer protection laws and identifies the gaps allowing these exploitative practices. It proposes a legal reconstruction model that focuses on ensuring transparency, fairness, and accountability in digital contracts. The study's key findings highlight the legal deficiencies in regulating platform monopolies, the need for clearer regulations on algorithmic pricing, and the underregulation of data privacy concerns. Recommendations for legal reform aim to enhance consumer protection, creating a more equitable digital economy.
UNMASKING THE ILLUSIONS OF E-COMMERCE: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF CONSUMER EXPLOITATION, ETHICAL FAILURES, AND LEGAL DEFICIENCIES IN DIGITAL TRADE Zulkifli; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Nasrianti; Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023): December
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

E-commerce is often presented as a symbol of efficiency, accessibility, and consumer empowerment; however, behind this digital convenience lies a complex structure of consumer vulnerability. In Indonesia, the scale of digital trade is significant, with e-commerce transactions reaching IDR 453.75 trillion and 3.71 billion transactions in 2023, while the Ministry of Trade recorded 7,707 consumer reports, including 6,018 complaints, in the same year. These figures indicate that the growth of digital trade has not been fully accompanied by effective consumer protection mechanisms. This article critically examines the illusions of e-commerce by analyzing consumer exploitation, ethical failures, and legal deficiencies in digital sale transactions. Using a juridical-normative and conceptual approach, this study evaluates the issue through consumer protection law, Islamic commercial ethics, human rights norms, and public policy. The analysis argues that consumer exploitation in e-commerce emerges through information asymmetry, misleading advertising, hidden costs, weak refund mechanisms, unfair standard contracts, and limited platform accountability. From the perspective of Islamic law, such practices conflict with the principles of honesty, transparency, mutual consent, and the prohibition of gharar and tadlis. From a human rights perspective, inadequate consumer protection undermines the right to information, economic justice, and effective remedy. Although Indonesia has issued regulations on electronic commerce, including rules on licensing, advertising, supervision, and business actors in electronic trading, regulatory enforcement remains challenged by platform complexity, cross-border transactions, and unequal bargaining power between consumers and digital businesses. Therefore, this article argues that justice in digital trade requires stronger legal reform, ethical business accountability, consumer education, and public policy that places consumer dignity at the center of e-commerce governance.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SHORTCOMINGS IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION AGAINST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED DIGITAL PLAGIARISM IN INDONESIA Zulkifli; Nasrianti; Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin; Teuku Yudi Afrizal
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have brought about significant changes in the digital creative industry, particularly in the production and distribution of digital content. AI-based systems are now capable of generating text, images, music, videos, and various other digital works quickly and on a massive scale. However, these technological advancements have also raised new legal issues in the field of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), particularly regarding digital plagiarism through the unauthorized use of copyrighted works within AI systems. In practice, many AI systems utilize digital data and creative works without explicit consent from the original creators, potentially causing economic and moral harm to copyright holders. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of intellectual property rights protection against digital plagiarism in the era of artificial intelligence in Indonesia and to evaluate the effectiveness of copyright regulations in addressing developments in digital technology. The study employs a normative legal research method using a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and a case study approach. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources obtained through a literature review and analyzed qualitatively. Research findings indicate that intellectual property protection in Indonesia has not yet fully addressed the issue of AI-based digital plagiarism. Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright does not specifically address the legal status of works generated by AI, the limits on the use of digital data by AI systems, or the liability of AI developers for copyright infringement. Furthermore, weak digital oversight, rapid technological advancements, and the digital public’s limited legal understanding also impact the effectiveness of copyright protection in Indonesia.The novelty of this research lies in its analysis of the shortcomings of intellectual property protection in cases of AI-based digital plagiarism, as well as the urgent need for legal reform to create copyright regulations that are better adapted to advancements in modern digital technology.
CONSUMER PROTECTION IN AN UNJUST ECONOMIC SYSTEM: A CRITIQUE OF THE WEAKNESSES IN CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND PUBLIC POLICY Zulkifli; Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Nasrianti
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): June
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The rapid development of the digital economy in Indonesia, with a transaction value of IDR 487.01 trillion in 2024, has expanded access to goods and services, but it has also exacerbated significant injustices faced by consumers. As digital platforms become more dominant, consumers are increasingly vulnerable to issues such as misleading product information, data misuse, unfair business practices, and imbalanced bargaining power between businesses and consumers. This study aims to analyze consumer protection within an unjust economic system, from the perspectives of consumer protection law, human rights, and public policy. Using a normative juridical methodology with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study finds that Indonesia's Consumer Protection Law (Law No. 8 of 1999) remains largely focused on formal ownership protection, yet fails to effectively address the complexities of digital transactions and information asymmetries in the digital economy. From the perspective of human rights, consumer protection emphasizes fairness, the prohibition of deception, and the protection of public interest. Meanwhile, human rights principles affirm the consumer's right to safety, accurate information, and economic justice. The study argues that public policy needs to be reconstructed to strengthen the state's responsibility, improve business accountability, ensure transparency in product information, guarantee ethical products, and establish more effective dispute resolution mechanisms. Thus, consumer protection in the digital economy must go beyond legal certainty and focus on distributive justice and the fulfillment of human rights in the digital realm.
LEGAL RECONSTRUCTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION BASED ON DIGITAL JUSTICE TOWARDS PLATFORM ECONOMIC INEQUALITY IN INDONESIA Muhibuddin; Zulkifli; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Nasrianti; Sofyan Jafar
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Indonesia’s digital economy exceeded USD 82 billion in transaction value in 2023 and is projected to become the largest digital market in Southeast Asia by 2030. Despite this rapid growth, the expansion of platform-based digital markets has generated significant economic inequality between digital platforms and intellectual property rights (IPR) holders, particularly local creators and small digital enterprises. This study analyzes the legal reconstruction of intellectual property protection based on the principle of digital justice in addressing platform economic inequality in Indonesia. Employing a normative juridical method, the research applies statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The study finds that Indonesia’s existing IPR framework remains largely conventional and has not adequately responded to challenges arising from algorithmic control, data monopolization, unequal royalty distribution, and the dominance of digital platforms within the digital economy ecosystem. Furthermore, the lack of algorithmic transparency and limited legal accountability of digital platforms contribute to structural imbalances in the distribution of digital economic benefits. This study proposes a legal reconstruction model through strengthening platform accountability, reforming digital royalty mechanisms, enhancing protection of creators’ digital rights, and harmonizing IPR regulations with digital economy and data protection laws. The study concludes that intellectual property protection in the digital era should not solely emphasize legal certainty, but must also ensure distributive digital justice and equitable economic participation in Indonesia’s platform economy.
RECONSTRUCTING CONTRACT LAW: CHALLENGES AND WEAKNESSES IN PROTECTING CONSUMER RIGHTS AND ECONOMIC JUSTICE IN THE DIGITAL ERA Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Nasrianti; Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin; Zulkifli
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital platforms in Indonesia has transformed the country's economy, creating significant opportunities for businesses and consumers alike. According to the e-Conomy SEA 2023 report, e-commerce transactions in Indonesia reached IDR 487.01 trillion in 2024, marking it as one of the largest digital markets in Southeast Asia (Google, Temasek, & Bain, 2023). However, despite the economic growth, the dominance of these platforms has introduced structural inequalities that disadvantage consumers, particularly in terms of data privacy, misleading advertisements, and lack of transparency in pricing and contract terms. Traditional contract law offers a critical perspective on these issues, grounded in principles of justice, honesty, and the prohibition of uncertainty. These principles are essential for addressing the challenges arising from digital transactions, where platform monopolies and the exploitation of consumer data have become widespread. However, current Indonesian contract law, including Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, has failed to adequately protect consumers in the digital space, as these regulations were designed for traditional markets and have not evolved to address the complexities of platform-based digital contracts. This study uses a normative juridical approach to analyze the gaps in Indonesia’s current legal framework and examines how traditional principles can provide a foundation for improving consumer protection in the digital economy. By emphasizing distributive justice, platform accountability, and algorithmic transparency, the research proposes a legal reconstruction model for Indonesia that integrates human rights principles and global best practices. The findings suggest that legal reforms are urgently needed to ensure fairness, equitable access, and protection for digital consumers while fostering a more just and transparent digital marketplace.
RECONSTRUCTING CONTRACT LAW: ADDRESSING IMBALANCES AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN MODERN COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS Nasrianti; Zulkifli; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): September
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The rapid growth of Indonesia's digital economy has significantly transformed consumer-business interactions, particularly with the rise of e-commerce platforms. As digital platforms like Tokopedia, Shopee, and Go-Jek dominate the market, there are growing concerns about consumer exploitation, pricing manipulation, and data privacy violations. Despite the existence of consumer protection laws, such as Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Law No. 7 of 2014 on Trade, these regulations fail to fully address the unique challenges posed by the digital economy. This study critically examines the gaps in Indonesia's current consumer protection laws and proposes reforms to create a more transparent and equitable digital marketplace. By integrating global best practices and focusing on ethical trade practices, this research highlights the importance of algorithmic transparency,fair pricing, and data protection in the digital economy. The study concludes that a legal reconstruction is necessary to ensure that consumer rights are protected and that businesses operate fairly in the digital age.
THE URGENCY OF CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGAL REFORM IN LIVE SHOPPING TRANSACTIONS IN INDONESIA Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin; Zulkifli; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Nasrianti
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): June
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The development of digital technology has driven the emergence of a new live-streaming, or live shopping, trading model on e-commerce platforms and social media in Indonesia. This trading system allows businesses to promote products interactively and in real time to consumers. While offering convenience in digital transactions, live shopping also raises various legal issues that have the potential to harm consumers, such as product information manipulation, goods that do not conform to promotions, digital fraud, the use of detrimental standard clauses, and the misuse of consumers' personal data. These conditions indicate that consumers remain in a weak position in modern digital commerce practices. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for consumers in live shopping transactions in Indonesia and to evaluate the weaknesses of consumer protection regulations in addressing the development of live-streaming-based digital commerce. The study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach. Legal materials were obtained through a literature review consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results indicate that legal protection for consumers in live shopping practices is not yet effective. Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions do not specifically regulate live shopping-based trade mechanisms. Furthermore, weak oversight of digital platforms, low public legal literacy, and suboptimal digital dispute resolution mechanisms mean that consumer legal protection remains normative and unable to provide maximum legal certainty. The novelty of this research lies in its specific analysis of the effectiveness of consumer legal protection in live shopping practices, a rapidly growing modern digital commerce model in Indonesia. This research also emphasizes the urgency of digital regulatory reforms that are more adaptive to technological developments and e-commerce activities.
Co-Authors Gadis Afriani Hamdani Muhibuddin nasrianti Rahmaniar Teuku Yudi Afrizal Zulkifli