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All Journal Specta Journal of Technology Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Muhamad Nur Ibnu Luthfi Saud
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Environmental Science Physics Social Sciences Other

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Strategi Penurunan Dampak Lingkungan pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum di Kota Balikpapan dengan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Muhamad Nur Ibnu Luthfi Saud; Haifa Cahya Nabila Almunawar; Intan Dwi Wahyu Setyo Rini; Tasya Mirza Ratu Pattisahusiwa; Rizka Lestari
SPECTA Journal of Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Specta Journal of Technology
Publisher : LPPM ITK

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35718/specta.v9i2.8481481

Abstract

The clean water production process must be carried out effectively without harming the environment. The Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) Tirta Manuntung Balikpapan City produces clean water through several Drinking Water Treatment Plants (DWTP) such as Kampung Damai and Kilometer (KM) 8. Potential negative impacts can arise from the use of chemicals, processing methods and units, as well as high-power equipment. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method can be used to systematically calculate the environmental impacts of an activity's input, process, and output. This study aimed to calculate the environmental impacts due to the production process at Kampung Damai DWTP and KM 8 DWTP of Balikpapan City using the LCA method, as well as formulate strategies to reduce negative impacts. The principle of this study was to calculate impacts using the ReCiPe 2016 model (midpoint H), based on software (SimaPro), with gate-to-gate data coverage (from the intake unit to the reservoir). The study's results found that every 1 m³ of production at Kampung Damai DWTP resulted in impacts in the form of human carcinogens (0.0179 pt), freshwater ecotoxicity (0.00329 pt), and freshwater eutrophication (0.00266 pt). Meanwhile, at KM 8, DWTP resulted in human carcinogenic impacts of 0.026 pt, freshwater ecotoxicity of 0.04 pt, and marine ecotoxicity of 0.03 pt. Alternative strategy to mitigate potential environmental impacts can be implemented through the substitution of aluminum sulfate (Al2SO4) chemicals with Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC), which reduces human carcinogenicity by 28%, freshwater ecotoxicity by 12%, and freshwater eutrophication by 4% at Kampung Damai DWTP. Furthermore, substitution of chemicals with PAC and low-power electrical equipment can reduce human carcinogenicity by 8.38%, freshwater ecotoxicity by 14.09%, and marine ecotoxicity by 12.13% at KM 8 DWTP.
Life Cycle Assessment Approach of the Tofu Industry in SSIC Balikpapan City to Support SDGs Muhamad Nur Ibnu Luthfi Saud; Rina Noor Hayati; Muhammad Ma'arij Harfadli; Dinda Jasmine Hasanah
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 2 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i2.11277

Abstract

The tofu industry constitutes 76% of the enterprises operating in the Somber Small Industry Center (SSIC) of Balikpapan City. Most producers continue to rely on conventional production methods to minimize operating costs, despite their adverse environmental consequences. This study assessed the environmental impacts of tofu production in SSIC Balikpapan and formulated environmentally sustainable improvement strategies using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. A quantitative field-survey design was employed, covering all 56 operating tofu industries. Data were collected through interviews, field observations, and documentation, while inventory data were analyzed using SimaPro software and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method. The assessment applied a gate-to-gate system boundary, encompassing production processes from raw material inputs to finished tofu products over a one-year period. The findings showed that the dominant environmental impact categories were human carcinogenic toxicity at 437,000 pt, freshwater ecotoxicity at 19,500 pt, and marine eutrophication at 7,950 pt, primarily resulting from fuelwood consumption and untreated wastewater discharge. The proposed mitigation strategies included replacing fuelwood with liquefied petroleum gas and processing wastewater into liquid organic fertilizer. Implementation of these strategies reduced human carcinogenic toxicity to 26,800 pt, representing a 93.85% reduction, freshwater ecotoxicity to 18,900 pt, representing a 3.08% reduction, and marine eutrophication to 7,940 pt. These findings demonstrate that LCA can effectively identify environmental hotspots and guide cleaner production strategies in small-scale tofu industries. The study provides practical implications for improving resource efficiency, wastewater management, and energy use while supporting Sustainable Development Goals 6, 7, 12, and 13.
Co-Authors Dinda Jasmine Hasanah Haifa Cahya Nabila Almunawar Intan Dwi Wahyu Setyo Rini Muhammad Ma'arij Harfadli Rina Noor Hayati Rizka Lestari Tasya Mirza Ratu Pattisahusiwa