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All Journal JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Indonesian Journal of Laboratory Bulletin of Civil Engineering
Yachya, Muchamad Amirul
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Physics

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STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH RASIO TULANGAN LENTUR TERHADAP MEKANISME KERUNTUHAN BALOK BETON BERTULANG Wahid, Muhammad Ishomuddin; Saputra, Elvis; Yachya, Muchamad Amirul
JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Volume 8, Nomor 3, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Prodi Sarjana Teknik Sipil, FT, Universitas Tarumanagara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/jmts.v8i3.33599

Abstract

Reinforced concrete is a composite material that utilizes concrete and steel to resist tensile and flexural forces. However, the reinforcement ratio used in reinforced concrete beams significantly affects the strength, deformation, and failure patterns of the structure. This study aims to analyze the influence of reinforcement ratio on the failure behavior of reinforced concrete beams under under-reinforced, balanced-reinforced, and over-reinforced conditions. The research was conducted through laboratory experiments involving flexural testing on beams with varying reinforcement ratios. Each beam was tested using a two-point loading method to evaluate the load-deflection relationship and observe crack patterns during the testing process. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the failure behavior among the three reinforcement conditions to determine how the reinforcement ratio affects structural failure. The results showed that over-reinforced beams tended to experience more rapid and significant shear failure, exhibiting brittle behavior. Balanced-reinforced beams showed a more balanced occurrence of shear and flexural cracks, but the dominant failure mechanism remained shear. Meanwhile, under-reinforced beams experienced earlier failure, but with a more ductile behavior and a flexural failure mode. These findings emphasize that the selection of flexural reinforcement ratio should consider the balance between flexural and shear capacity, ductility, and the expected failure mechanism to ensure good structural performance under extreme loading. Abstrak Beton bertulang merupakan material komposit yang memanfaatkan beton dan baja tulangan untuk menahan gaya tarik dan lentur. Namun, rasio tulangan yang digunakan pada balok beton bertulang sangat memengaruhi kekuatan, deformasi, dan pola keruntuhan struktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio tulangan terhadap perilaku keruntuhan pada balok beton bertulang dalam kondisi under reinforced, balanced reinforced, dan over reinforced. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen laboratorium dengan pengujian lentur pada balok beton bertulang dengan rasio tulangan yang bervariasi. Setiap balok diuji menggunakan metode pembebanan 2 titik untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara beban dan lendutan, serta mengamati pola retak yang muncul selama proses pengujian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan perilaku keruntuhan pada ketiga kondisi penulangan, guna menentukan bagaimana rasio tulangan memengaruhi kegagalan struktural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balok over reinforced cenderung mengalami keruntuhan geser yang lebih cepat dan signifikan, sehingga perilaku yang terjadi yaitu getas. Balok balance reinforced  mengalami retak geser dan lentur yang lebih seimbang, namun mekanisme keruntuhannya tetap didominasi oleh geser. Sementara itu, balok under reinforced mengalami kerusakan yang lebih dini tetapi sifat keruntuhan yang lebih daktail dan keruntuhannya berupa lentur. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemilihan rasio tulangan lentur harus mempertimbangkan keseimbangan antara kapasitas lentur dan kapasitas geser, daktilitas, serta mekanisme keruntuhan yang diharapkan agar struktur memiliki kinerja yang baik saat menerima beban ekstrem.
Perbedaan Hasil Uji Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Beton pada Mode Frekuensi Auto dan 50x Salam, Daru; Yachya, Muchamad Amirul
Indonesian Journal of Laboratory Vol 9, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijl.v9i1.115903

Abstract

ABSTRACT.Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) is a widely used non-destructive testing method for evaluating concrete, rock, and building structures by measuring the propagation velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic waves through concrete. UPV instruments are equipped with several operational parameters, including frequency, voltage, and signal transmission from the transmitter to the receiver, each of which influences measurement performance. This study aims to evaluate and compare UPV wave velocity readings obtained under various frequency settings available in the UPV system at a constant voltage supply. The experimental program consisted of material and equipment preparation, concrete mix design, fabrication of normal concrete specimens, curing, UPV testing, and data analysis. Concrete block specimens with a travel path length of 0.498 m were tested at a constant voltage of 220 V using Rx/Tx frequency variations of 24, 37, 54, 82, 150, 200, 220, 250, and 500 kHz. Signal strength was adjusted using Rx Gain AUTO and 50X settings. The test results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the stability and efficiency of each configuration. The results indicate that the Rx Gain AUTO setting provides the most stable measurements and the highest testing efficiency, making it a practical technical reference for UPV instrument calibration prior to testing. The measured UPV values ranged from approximately 5600 to 5700 m/s, indicating good material homogeneity and effective ultrasonic wave transmission within the concrete specimens.ABSTRAK. UPV (Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity) merupakan salah satu alat uji non destructive pada beton, batuan serta struktur bangunan dengan sistim kerja alat dengan memanfaatkan pancaran gelombang ultrasonik untuk menetukan kecepatan rambat gelombang longitudinal pada beton. Fitur pada alat UPV mempunyai beragam indikator antara lain: frekuensi, tegangan, kecepatan pengiriman data dari transmitter ke penerima (received) tentu saja memiliki fungsi yang beragam pula. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan hasil pembacaan rambat gelombang ultrasonic pada alat UPV dengan variasi frekuensi yang terdapat pada fitur/menu UPV pada suplai tegangan 250V. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan edukasi tentang penggunaan kinerja alat laboratorium secara optimal serta menunjang pembelajaran bagi teknisi, mahasiswa dan dosen dalam mendukung penelitian serta pengabdian masyarakat. Metode penelitian ini meliputi persiapan bahan dan alat, perencanaan proporsi campuran beton, pembuatan sampel beton normal, perawatan beton, pengujian sampel dengan alat UPV dan pembahasan. Hasil Analisa pengujian dari benda uji blok beton dengan Panjang lintasan 0,498 meter, Tegangan tetap 220V dengan variasi frekuensi Rx/Tx 24 KHz, 37 KHz, 54 KHz, 82 KHz, 150 KHz, 200 KHz, 220 KHz, 250 KHz, dan 500 KHz dengan pengaturan kekuatan sinyal: Rx gain AUTO dan , 50X, Hasil Analisa ANOVA menyimpulkan bahwa nilai paling stabil dan efisiensi pengukuran terbaik pada Rx Gain AUTO sehingga bisa dijadikan acuan teknis penyetingan alat UPV sebelum digunakan. Hasil pembacaan rambat gelombang alat UPV pada kisaran (± 5600–5700) hal ini menunjukkan sifat homogenitas material dan kualitas transmisi gelombang yang baik.
Experimental Investigation of Flexural Behavior of Damaged RC Beams Strengthened with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Sheets Hanifardhi; Saputra, Elvis; Yachya, Muchamad Amirul
Bulletin of Civil Engineering Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Februari
Publisher : Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Indonesia is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area with high tectonic and volcanic activity. This condition frequently triggers earthquakes that can damage infrastructure. Structural damage caused by earthquakes can reduce the strength, stability, and service life of buildings, necessitating effective rehabilitation measures. One promising strengthening method involves the use of composite materials such as Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). Studies on GFRP retrofitting in post-damage conditions remain limited, especially for Indonesian construction practices. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) in strengthening reinforced concrete beams with reduced load-bearing capacity. The specimens consisted of a normal reinforced concrete beam without strengthening (BN), a beam subjected to a 50% reduction in initial flexural capacity and then strengthened with GFRP (BR1), and a beam with a 75% reduction in flexural capacity followed by GFRP strengthening (BR2). Flexural testing was conducted using a two-point loading method in accordance with SNI 4431-2011. The results showed that the GFRP-strengthened beams were able to sustain higher loads than the control beam, with capacity increases of 13.61% and 9.45% for the 50% and 75% reduction conditions, respectively. The maximum flexural moment of the strengthened beam reached 22.029 kNm, exceeding that of the control beam at 19.711 kNm. However, brittle deformation occurred after reaching peak strength, indicating the limited ductility of GFRP. In conclusion, the use of GFRP is effective in enhancing the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beams, although it still presents limitations in terms of ductility
Co-Authors Hanifardhi Salam, Daru Saputra, Elvis Wahid, Muhammad Ishomuddin