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All Journal Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science
Yoki Arum Sari
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sriwijaya
Health Professions Nursing Public Health

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Risk factor analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural areas: A systematic review Yoki Arum Sari; Najmah Najmah; Rico Januar Sitorus
Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science Vol. 8 No. 5 (2025): Volume 8 Number 5
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/minh.v8i5.974

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence continues to increase in rural areas, which is of particular concern due to limited access to health services in these areas. Purpose: To identify various risk factors for the incidence of type 2 DM in rural areas for the development of effective prevention programs. Method: Systematic review is based on PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted in Scopus, Science Direct, and SINTA for 2020-2025 articles. Data were extracted and analyzed narratively based on the type of risk factors that were found. Results: Out of 856 articles, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Dominant risk factors identified included obesity (OR range 2.15-3.05), family history of DM (OR range 2.13-4.46), and low physical activity (OR range 2.94-7.43). Additional risk factors include hypertension, unhealthy food environment, and unhealthy diet. Several studies reported an increased incidence of type 2 DM in younger populations in rural areas. Conclusion: Obesity, family history of DM, and low physical activity are the dominant risk factors for type 2 DM in rural areas. These factors are important targets for health policy interventions, especially given the increasing incidence in younger populations in rural areas.
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural communities in South Sumatra, Indonesia Yoki Arum Sari; Najmah Najmah
Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science Vol. 8 No. 12 (2026): Volume 8 Number 12
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/minh.v8i12.1709

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels caused by insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to increase, especially in rural areas due to low public awareness and limited access to non-communicable disease control. Method: To case-control design involving patients undergoing outpatient treatment at the Indralaya Community Health Center. The study sample consisted of 143 cases and 143 controls. Sampling in the control group was performed using a “non-matching” technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and medical record analysis. Results: Data analysis used the Chi Square test with a 95% confidence level. Of the 143 respondents, 143 were found to have diabetes mellitus. The results of the analysis showed a significant relationship between gender, income, family history of DM, diet, physical activity, and blood pressure on the incidence of type 2 DM in the Indralaya Community Health Center area after controlling for the IMT variable. Meanwhile, age, occupation, education, and smoking were confounding variables and did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of type 2 DM. The dominant variables associated with the incidence of type 2 DM were income and family history of DM. Conclusion: Income and family history of DM are the most dominant determinants causing type 2 DM in rural areas. Gender, diet, physical activity, and blood pressure are also associated with the incidence of type 2 DM in the Indralaya Community Health Center area after controlling for the BMI variable. The dissemination of information and education is very important for health workers to provide to high-risk communities in order to prevent this disease.
Co-Authors Najmah Najmah Rico Januar Sitorus