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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Journal of Energy, Material, and Instrumentation Technology
Suwondo, Kusuma Putri
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

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Analysis of Aluminium Alloy 6061 Material Coating with the Addition of Malonic Acid Additive in the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Method to Improve Corrosion Resistance Properties Lubis, Muhammad Ihsan; Mutmainnah; Kamil, Muhammad Prisla; Suwondo, Kusuma Putri; Asriyani, Nur; Lantang, Jessica Valenthine
Journal of Energy, Material, and Instrumentation Technology Vol 6 No 3 (2025): Journal of Energy, Material, and Instrumentation Technology
Publisher : Departement of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jemit.335

Abstract

Aluminum alloy 6061 is extensively used in structural and engineering applications due to its favorable strength-to-weight ratio, good mechanical properties, and inherent corrosion resistance. However, it remains vulnerable to localized corrosion, especially in chloride-rich environments. This study investigates the effect of malonic acid (MA) as an organic additive in the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) process to enhance the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy 6061. The experimental results indicate that the presence of MA reduces plasma initiation time, stabilizes discharge behavior, and facilitates the formation of a denser and more uniform oxide layer. Surface morphology analysis reveals that PEO coatings with MA exhibit finer porosity and a thicker structure, contributing to improved barrier properties. XRD characterization confirms the presence of stable crystalline phases such as mullite and andalusite in the MA-enhanced coatings. Electrochemical testing via Tafel polarization shows a significant reduction in corrosion current density (3.899 x 10-7 A/cm2) and corrosion rate (0.642 mm/year), alongside a more positive corrosion potential (-2.616 V) in the MA-treated samples. When compared to traditional corrosion inhibitors, both organic (for example, imidazole-based compounds) and inorganic (for example, CaCO3 and SiO2), the PEO plus MA method demonstrates superior long-term corrosion resistance and structural stability. These findings highlight the potential of malonic acid as an effective additive for optimizing the PEO process in demanding environmental conditions.
Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Amoxicillin using TiO2-Cu/N with Copper Sourced from Electroplating Wastewater Suwondo, Kusuma Putri; Wahyuni, Endang Tri; Aprilita, Nurul Hidayat; Jafaar, Nur Farhana; Alharissa, Early Zahwa
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Articles in Press
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.353

Abstract

The growing prevalence of pharmaceutical contaminants, particularly amoxicillin (AMX), in aquatic environments poses serious threats to both ecosystems and public health. Addressing this issue requires the development of efficient photocatalysts capable of degrading such pollutants under visible-light irradiation. This study explores the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of AMX under visible light using copper and nitrogen co-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂-Cu/N) synthesized utilizing copper recovered from electroplating wastewater. Comprehensive characterization through XRD, UV-Visible DRS, and TEM demonstrated that a Cu doping level of 0.60%, combined with 30% nitrogen co-doping and calcination at 500 °C, resulted in the most significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation, attributed to the most effective bandgap narrowing. Notably, the TiO₂-Cu/N photocatalyst with optimized composition exhibited superior physicochemical properties and photocatalytic performance compared to its singly doped counterparts. The optimal condition of the AMX degradation was achieved using 100 mg of TiO₂-Cu/N to treat 100 mL of a 20 mg/L AMX solution at pH 6 under 2 h of visible-light irradiation, which was 90%. Furthermore, the Cu dopant in the TiO₂-Cu/N matrix remained stable during the photocatalytic process, as evidenced by the sustained activity even after three consecutive cycles. Additionally, the use of radical scavengers confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were the predominant reactive species responsible for the degradation of amoxicillin. These findings highlight the promising potential of utilizing industrial wastewater as a dopant source for the sustainable development of high-performance photocatalysts in water treatment applications.
Co-Authors Alharissa, Early Zahwa Asriyani, Nur Endang Tri Wahyuni Fachry Abda El Rahman Jafaar, Nur Farhana Kamil, Muhammad Prisla Lantang, Jessica Valenthine Lubis, Muhammad Ihsan Nurul Hidayat Aprilita