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All Journal Automotive Experiences International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Dinh, Tan-Ngoc
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Techno-economic assessment and strategic proposal for designing and optimizing the required powered battery for an electric motorcycle under varying driving cycle tests Do, Tan-Thich; Dinh, Tan-Ngoc; Ly, Vinh-Dat
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61561

Abstract

Recently, many countries have committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, making the adoption of electric motorcycles increasingly significant. The expansion of electric motorcycles has gained popularity due to their affordability, ease of use, and environmental benefits. In the design of electric motorcycles, optimizing energy efficiency and economic viability both technologically and economically is a key consideration. This study focuses on developing a mathematical model and strategic proposal with the step-by-step calculation for determining the required power battery for electric motorcycles under various driving cycle tests, implemented using Matlab software. The results analyze and discuss the effects of operating conditions on the electric motorcycle’s dynamic performance, average energy consumption, and battery cell and pack characteristics. Ultimately, the battery pack optimization strategy was proposed and conducted using the Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach. As a result, the Toshiba battery trademark was identified as the optimal choice for the required power battery in the electric motorcycle, considering both technological effectiveness and economic factors. The Toshiba battery pack has a capacity of 39 Ah, 17 cells, a mass of 13.94 kg, and a cost of $459, respectively. After designing and optimizing the required battery pack for the electric motorcycle, the model was validated to ensure that the pack’s energy exceeds the average energy consumption under varying driving cycle tests. Therefore, the model demonstrates high reliability. This study provides valuable insights into designing and evaluating the dynamic performance and battery pack characteristics of electric motorcycles.
Modeling, Simulation, and Assessment of Electric Motorcycle and Battery Characteristics under the Driving Cycle Test Do, Tan-Thich; Dinh, Tan-Ngoc; Ly, Vinh-Dat
Automotive Experiences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14012

Abstract

Global warming, increasing temperatures, and air pollution have become significant challenges in the past decade due to traditional emissions. Therefore, using green energy, especially electric vehicles and electric motorcycles, is the key solution to protecting the environment. Electric motorcycles are widely used in many countries due to their convenience, ease of use, and flexibility. Thus, modeling and simulating electric motorcycles are crucial for accurately calculating and designing the battery pack energy requirements. In this study, electric motorcycles were modeled and simulated to investigate energy characteristics under driving cycle test using Matlab/Simulink software. The results show the electric motorcycle dynamics and energy consumption, the influence of electric motorcycle mass, aerodynamic drag, the quality of the road, road slope angle on the electric motor power, and operating ambient temperature on the battery behavior in the heat generation. In addition, the characteristics of batteries and suitability for selecting of battery required power were compared under various batteries and proposed the best battery for the electric motorcycle. The battery trademark of the A123 (pouch) model was selected as the most suitable for the required battery pack owing to superior characteristics compared to other batteries, with the insight characteristics of high capacity of 19.5 Ah, continuous current of 19.5 A, mass of battery pack of 9.45 kg, and number of cells of 19, with total average energy consumption of 28.23 Wh km−1. This study is significant for the design and precise calculation of the battery's required power for new electric motorcycles.
Co-Authors Do, Tan-Thich Ly, Vinh-Dat