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The Ability of Cocoa Clonal Seeds for Alternative Rootstock in Seedlings Production Juwahir, Nurella Eziwana; M Khatta, Aida Nabihah; Awang Besar@Raffie, Normah; Jalloh, Mohamadu Boyie; Tabet, Tamer A.; Muda, Boney; Hassan, Affendy
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 47, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v47i3.4763

Abstract

Currently, there is a shortage of cocoa clonal seedlings utilizing rootstock from the cocoa seed clone UIT1 × NA33 in the cocoa industry. Alternative clonal seedlings having comparable or superior growth and root characteristics are needed. This study aimed to evaluate and screen the growth and root performance of selected commercial cocoa seed clones as alternatives to UIT1 × NA33. The experiment used 45 rhizotrons (15 selected clones including UIT1 × NA33 as a control, with three replicates each) to grow roots to a one-meter depth under a completely randomized design (CRD). Height increment, root intensity (RI), and root depth (RD) were measured throughout the study. Sixteen weeks after transplanting (WAT), all tubes were harvested for dried shoot biomass (DSB), dried root biomass (DRB), root length density (RLD), and specific root length (SRL) measurement. Results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) among the seed clones based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test. In conclusion, the clones KKM 1, PBC 123, QH 22, and MCBC 1 exhibited good root performance and growth, indicating their potentials as alternative rootstock for UIT1 × NA33.
Assessing cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth under facilitating tree stands of Neolamarckia cadamba and Falcataria moluccana with potential for land restoration Dumil, Haverdly; Bahrin, Mohammad Azriel; Triscca, Vhienna; M Khatta, Aida Nabihah; Kamlun, Kamlisa Uni; Muda, Boney; Hassan, Affendy; Awang Besar, Normah
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8875

Abstract

In the field of agroforestry, Theobroma cacao, Neolamarckia cadamba, and Falcataria moluccana are commonly employed to assess growth performance; however, research on their above-ground and below-ground characteristics remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance and root distribution of these species within both monocropping and intercropping systems in Madai, Kunak, Sabah, for a six-month period. The study utilised 20 plots arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with five treatments: monocropping of T. cacao, N. cadamba, and F. moluccana, as well as intercropping combinations of N. cadamba with T. cacao and F. moluccana with T. cacao. Key metrics measured included height and diameter for above-ground growth, along with Specific Root Length (SRL), Root Length Density (RLD), and Root Biomass (RB) for below-ground growth. The findings indicated that in monocropping, T. cacao achieved an average height of 3.79 m and F. moluccana 5.11 m, while intercropping combinations exhibited various heights. Overall, T. cacao demonstrated robust height and root growth in monocropping systems, with no significant differences observed between above-ground and below-ground parameters.