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Development of Three JS-based 3D Scene with Seamless Visualization of Gaussian Splatting and Transformation to Global Coordinates Dzulvikar, Azfa Ahmad; Harintaka; Ikhrom
GEOID Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Geomatika ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/geoid.v20i2.4680

Abstract

Existing scholarly literature on the Gaussian Splatting algorithm has predominantly concentrated on improving the rendering and reconstruction of three-dimensional objects, as well as exploring its applications in various academic disciplines, such as medicine, robotics, and mapping, while being limited to local coordinate systems. This study describes the development of a 3D scene modeled using the Gaussian Splatting algorithm, featuring accurate distance and position geometry based on Three JS. The developed 3D scene was then evaluated with precise position and distance coordinates in the field and compared to the established SfM-MVS (Structure from Motion-Multi View Stereo) algorithm. The findings demonstrate that the proposed development successfully generated Three JS-based 3D scenes with global coordinate compatibility utilizing the Gaussian Splatting algorithm, achieving the same level of position and distance accuracy as the SfM-MVS algorithm, with a 95% confidence interval using T-Test. This research concludes that the developed approach is successful and can be further expanded for various scientific fields that require accurate position and distance information using Gaussian Splatting Algorithm.
Development of Three.js-based 3D Scenes with Seamless Visualisation of Gaussian Splatting and Transformation to Global Coordinates Azfa Ahmad Dzulvikar; Harintaka; Ikhrom
Geoid Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Geomatika ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/geoid.v20i2.8775

Abstract

Existing scholarly literature on the Gaussian Splatting algorithm has predominantly concentrated on improving the rendering and reconstruction of three-dimensional objects, as well as exploring its applications in various academic disciplines, such as medicine, robotics, and mapping, while being limited to local coordinate systems. This study describes the development of a 3D scene modelled using the Gaussian Splatting algorithm, featuring accurate distance and position geometry based on three.js. The developed 3D scene was then evaluated with precise position and distance coordinates in the field and compared to the established SfM-MVS (Structure from Motion-Multi View Stereo) algorithm. The findings demonstrate that the proposed development successfully generated three.js-based 3D scenes with global coordinate compatibility, utilising the Gaussian Splatting algorithm, achieving the same level of position and distance accuracy as the SfM-MVS algorithm, with a 95% confidence level using a T-test. This research concludes that the developed approach is successful and can be further expanded for various scientific fields that require accurate position and distance information using the Gaussian Splatting Algorithm.
Evaluation of Google Earth Engine Embedding Dataset for Remote Sensing Image Classification Wijaya, Calvin; Harintaka
Geoid Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Geomatika ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/geoid.v21i1.8151

Abstract

Google Earth Engine (GEE) has emerged as one of the most powerful cloud-based platforms for processing and analyzing remote sensing imagery. By integrating vast Earth observation archives with scalable computational resources, it provides an accessible environment for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers. In 2025, Google’s AlphaEarth Foundation introduced a novel embedding model trained on diverse Earth observation datasets available on the GEE server. This model, generated from annual time-series imagery and offered in an analysis-ready format, enables general-purpose applications such as classification, clustering, regression and change detection. Despite its potential, the performance and capabilities of this embedding model remain largely underexplored. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the embedding datasets in GEE for supervised classification method. Comparative experiments were conducted against widely used remote sensing imagery, including Sentinel-2 and Landsat 9 imagery, using multiple algorithms such as K-Neural Network (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), and Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA). In addition, a case study was carried out to examine the use of embedding datasets for mangrove classification. Validation using overall accuracy demonstrates that embedding datasets achieve superior results compared to conventional imagery. Classification using the embedding dataset achieved an average overall accuracy of 94%, outperforming Landsat 9 (83.1%) and Sentinel-2 (82.5%). Moreover, the embedding dataset produced a classification pattern similar to OBIA, even without the need for image segmentation. The findings highlight the potential of embedding datasets to enhance classification accuracy and broaden the scope of remote sensing applications, suggesting new opportunities for leveraging advanced machine learning representations in geospatial analysis.