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ELECTRONIC CERTIFICATES OF LAND RIGHTS AND THE CONCEPT OF IMMUTABILITY IN INDONESIAN NATIONAL LAND LAW: ELECTRONIC CERTIFICATES OF LAND RIGHTS AND THE CONCEPT OF IMMUTABILITY IN INDONESIAN NATIONAL LAND LAW Rahmat, Rahmat; Irianto, Agung; Hidayati, Mashlihati Nur; Nut, Nut
PENA LAW: International Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Yayasan Pusat Cendekiawan Intelektual Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56107/penalaw.v3i2.239

Abstract

Digital transformation in the land sector has led to the implementation of electronic certificates as an effort to modernize national land administration. In this system, the principle of immutability, or the unchangeability of data after it has been recorded, is an important basis for ensuring the integrity and validity of land rights data. This paper analyses the relevance of the concept of immutability in information technology to the electronic certificate system from the perspective of national land law. Through a normative juridical approach and a study of legislation, it is found that while the principle of immutability enhances legal protection, data validity, and service efficiency, it remains subject to basic principles of land law that allow for the annulment of rights on the basis of legal decisions. The study recommends strengthening technical and legal regulations and developing blockchain-based systems to support the immutability principle in land administration. The concept of immutability in law is closely related to the principle of legal certainty. In the context of Indonesian national land law, this concept is reflected in the land registration system that gives legal force to registered land rights. This article discusses the relationship between legal theories and the concept of immutability, as well as its application in national land law, particularly through the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) and Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. The study shows that the principle of immutability is the foundation for ensuring stability, legal security and protection of land rights.
Digital Transformation of Whistleblower Legal Protection in Eradicating Corruption in Indonesia Fahririn, Fahririn; MY, Ani Siska; Nut, Nut
Journal Evidence Of Law Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Journal Evidence Of Law (Desember)
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jel.v4i3.1742

Abstract

Digital transformation has transformed the Indonesian corruption eradication landscape, creating a paradox where technology facilitates new modes of corruption while providing innovative solutions for detection and prevention. Research purpose: the challenges of legal protection for whistleblowers in the digital era, particularly the unpreparedness of conventional systems to face cyber threats. The research method uses a normative legal approach with a statutory approach and a case approach, analyzing regulations related to whistleblower protection and empirical cases such as Eko Sulistyo, who experienced a massive digital attack. Data sourced from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were analyzed descriptively, comparatively, prescriptively, and through gap analysis. The discussion reveals that although the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has developed the JAGA and GOL digital platforms, the Indonesian legal framework still has fundamental weaknesses: the absence of conflict of interest regulations, a weak data security system, the absence of post-protection phase regulations, limited economic protection, and the absence of a unified database. The study concludes that the digital transformation of whistleblower protection requires a holistic approach that integrates technological, legal, and social aspects, including regulatory reformulation to accommodate digital threats, the development of robust cybersecurity infrastructure, and the development of a comprehensive and sustainable protection system.
Consumer Experience and Loyalty in the Metaverse: A Systematic Review Arie Bowo, Ferdian; Rahman Rahim, Abdul; Nut, Nut
Jurnal Manajemen, Akuntansi, Ekonomi Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Manajemen, Akuntansi, Ekonomi (September)
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jmae.v4i2.1739

Abstract

This study synthesizes eight articles through a systematic literature review and meta-synthesis to explore consumer experiences in the metaverse and their influence on brand loyalty. Six key themes were identified: Immersion–Presence–Awe Pathway, Avatar and Personalization, Visual Cognition and Decision-Making, Social Presence and Community Identity, Brand Anthropomorphism and Loyalty, and Habituation and Experience Dynamics. Findings show that technological factors such as immersion, avatars, personalization, and visual design act as stimuli that trigger cognitive and emotional responses, including presence, awe, and brand love, shaping engagement, purchase intentions, and loyalty. The study highlights the complex interaction of cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions in immersive environments and underscores the importance for marketers to create interactive, personalized, and sustainable experiences that sustain long-term consumer engagement.