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Pengaruh Konsentrasi Methylene Blue dan NaClO pada Proses Degradasi Photocatalytic Fuel Cell Menggunakan Elektroda Cu-TiO2/ZnO Putri Meylani, Cicilia; Sarah Dampang; Muhammad Fahmi Hakim; Fitri Yuliasari; David Kevin; Tarishah Setyowati Putri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v14i2.20525

Abstract

The contamination of synthetic dyes such as methylene blue has become a serious issue in textile industry wastewater due to its resistance to natural degradation. Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) technology is an effective and environmentally friendly method for degrading toxic dyes in wastewater. In this study, a dual-chamber PFC was developed using a photoanode composed of a Cu-TiO₂/ZnO semiconductor composite synthesized via the sol-gel method. The objective was to develop an efficient composite electrode and evaluate the effect of methylene blue and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) concentrations on degradation efficiency. The composite was prepared with 5 wt% Cu, calcined at 200 °C, and deposited onto a glass substrate. Characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that the resulting nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology with diameters ranging from 0.22 µm to 4.33 µm. UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) analysis showed that the band gap energy decreased from 3.18 eV (TiO₂/ZnO) to 2.29 eV after Cu doping. The experimental results demonstrated that the addition of NaClO enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the Cu-TiO₂/ZnO composite for methylene blue degradation, achieving an optimal degradation rate of 78% after 120 minutes of operation.
Pengaruh Variasi Elektrolit (NaCl dan N2SO4) Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Komposit 5%Cu-TiO2/BiVO4 Dalam Fotoelektrokimia Water Splitting Nurhayati, Siti; Vera Pangni Vahriani; Sarah Dampang; Muhammad Fahmi Hakim; Bunga Nurkhalifah
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

The demand for environmentally friendly energy sources has encouraged the use of photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology to produce hydrogen from water. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a 5% Cu–TiO₂/BiVO₄ composite material. The main focus is to examine the effect of two types of neutral electrolytes, NaCl and Na₂SO₄, on the performance of a single-compartment PEC system. Based on characterization results using SEM-EDS and UV-Vis DRS, copper (Cu) doping successfully reduced the material's band gap to 2.02 eV and improved charge separation efficiency. System testing showed that the NaCl solution produced the highest initial voltage of 0.73 V and exhibited relatively stable performance, although it posed a potential risk of electrode corrosion. In contrast, Na₂SO₄ produced a lower voltage (0.66 V) but was more chemically stable and safer for long-term use. The results indicate that combining Cu–TiO₂/BiVO₄ material with appropriate electrolyte selection can be an effective strategy to improve the efficiency of PEC systems for hydrogen generation from light.
Analisis Kinerja Heat Exchanger Tipe Shell and Tube Berdasarkan Nilai Fouling Factor, Efesiensi, dan Pressure Drop sebagai Indikator Kinerja Operasional Rantika Sekar Nandira; Sarah Dampang; Sesilia Romalinda; Sheryl Ayesha Bruning; Jatmiko
Jurnal Teknik Terapan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : P3M Politeknik Negeri Jember

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Abstract

The oil and gas industry heavily relies on the efficiency of shell-and-tube heat exchangers to maintain operational stability, optimize energy consumption, and preserve product quality. However, the performance of these units is often degraded by fouling, which increases thermal resistance. This study aims to evaluate the actual performance of a heat exchanger unit in the oil and gas industry by analyzing operational data over a specific period. The research methodology involved direct field observation and quantitative analysis based on key performance parameters, including the overall heat transfer coefficient, fouling factor, thermal efficiency, and pressure drop. The fouling factor was calculated as the difference between the clean and dirty heat transfer coefficients, while thermal efficiency was determined as the ratio of the actual heat transferred to the maximum possible heat transfer. Pressure drop analysis was conducted on both the shell and tube sides using friction factor correlations and fluid hydrodynamic parameters to evaluate flow characteristics. The results indicate a fouling factor of 0.2076 hr·ft²·°F/Btu, which significantly exceeds the standard threshold proposed by Kern (0.002–0.005 hr·ft²·°F/Btu). This high level of fouling results in a heat transfer efficiency of only 64.62%, well below the ideal operational standard of 75%. Hydrodynamic analysis shows that the pressure drop is very low (0.0003–0.0006 psi), indicating that the flow is in the laminar regime (Re < 2100). This laminar condition reduces heat transfer effectiveness due to the dominance of conduction and accelerates the deposition of solid particles on the heat transfer surface. Although the unit is still considered operable, the evaluation results highlight the need for immediate cleaning and flow rate optimization to restore the equipment’s performance to optimal levels and prevent further energy losses