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Synthesis and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Wolffia Using Homogeneous KOH Catalyst by In Situ Transesterification Saifuddin, S; Shalihah, Nyakty; Nahar, N.; N, Reza
Devotion : Journal of Research and Community Service Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/devotion.v4i3.436

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the quality and characteristics contained in biodiesels produced using Wolffia as the raw material with variations in weight of 200, 250, and 300 grams, and temperatures of 50ºC, 55ºC, and 60ºC. Furthermore, the biodiesel utilized in this study was made with reactants (Wolffia oil and methanol), fat solvent (n-hexane), and a heterogeneous catalyst (potassium hydroxide (KOH)). The results show that biodiesel formation was significantly impacted by temperature. Its volume increases with an upsurge in temperature and/or in raw materials, and the highest biodiesel product volume obtained was 81 ml. Following this, the product’s density value, which was 0.872 remained within the bounds of the SNI 04-7182:2015 standards, and the best calorific value was obtained from the biodiesel made with Wolffia, which was 9,754.70 cal/gr. Lastly, the maximum volume of Wolffia used was 300 grams, as this was the best composition to meet the SNI quality, and using the GC-MS analysis, the biodiesel’s quality was tested and found to contain methyl ester.
Properties of Hydrochar Derived from Arabica Coffee Agro-Industry Residues under Wet Torrefaction Method Shalihah, Nyakty; Setiawan, Adi; Muhammad, Muhammad; Riskina, Shafira
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.6.2

Abstract

This study utilized coffee cherry residues, which is an abundantly available source of biomass in Indonesia. One of the methods to utilize coffee plantation residues effectively is wet torrefaction. This method is well-known as a hydrothermal method, where the biomass conversion process uses liquid as a medium and reactant in the process. The objective of this work was to develop an effective procedure for converting coffee agro-waste into marketable products using hydrothermal technology. The information related to changes in physical and thermal properties were explored in this work. To achieve the research objectives, three main steps were performed, i.e., feedstock preparation, wet torrefaction, and hydrochar characterization. Two types of feedstocks were studied in this work, coffee parchment and coffee pulp. In the wet torrefaction process, each feedstock was treated using two types of solutions, i.e., distilled water and acetic acid, at different concentrations. The reaction was carried out in an autoclave with a pressure of 2 bar (g) and an operating temperature of 130 ℃ for 2 hours. The properties of the hydrochar products were then analyzed using various methods, including bomb calorimetry, SEM, density, TGA-DTG, and hydrophobicity analyses. Overall, the results indicated that the hydrochar produced under acetic acid solution had better characteristics compared to that treated under distilled water. In terms of fixed carbon content and calorific value, the values increased up to 25.3% and 4,603 kcal/kg, respectively. Enhanced hydrophobicity was only observed in the coffee parchment hydrochar, where the average time required to adsorb water was 146.6 s, which can be categorized as strongly hydrophobic.