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All Journal Reformasi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Journal of Social Political Sciences (JSPS)
Izza, Atina
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Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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United States Strategy Change: From Build Back Better World (B3W) To Partnership For Global Infrastructure And Investment (PGII) Izza, Atina
REFORMASI Vol 15, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33366/rfr.v15i1.6384

Abstract

In June 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden and G7 leaders launched the Build Back Better World (B3W) initiative – an ambitious global infrastructure partnership grounded in democratic values, transparency, and high standards. B3W was seen as a response to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), aimed at expanding its influence across developing countries. However, a year later, the United States and G7 nations introduced a new strategy known as the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII), marking a significant shift in their approach. This study employs a qualitative research method based on discourse analysis to examine this strategic transformation. The findings indicate that the shift from B3W to PGII was driven not only by geopolitical considerations but also by domestic political dynamics in the United States, particularly resistance in Congress. Internal political pressure prompted the Biden administration to adopt a more pragmatic and realistic approach. Accordingly, this study highlights how the interplay between domestic factors and great power rivalry has shaped U.S. foreign policy directions in responding to China’s influence through the BRI. Pada Juni 2021, Presiden AS Joe Biden dan para pemimpin G7 meluncurkan inisiatif infrastruktur global baru yang ambisius: Bangun Kembali Dunia yang Lebih Baik (B3W), sebuah kemitraan infrastruktur yang didorong oleh nilai-nilai, berstandar tinggi, dan transparan. B3W dipandang sebagai respons terhadap Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) yang diusung Tiongkok untuk memperluas pengaruhnya di negara-negara berkembang. Namun, setahun kemudian, Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara G7 memperkenalkan strategi baru bernama Kemitraan untuk Infrastruktur dan Investasi Global (PGII), menandai perubahan signifikan dalam pendekatan mereka. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis analisis wacana untuk menelaah dinamika tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pergeseran dari B3W ke PGII tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh konteks geopolitik, tetapi juga oleh dinamika politik domestik di Amerika Serikat, terutama resistensi dari Kongres. Tekanan politik internal mendorong pemerintahan Biden  untuk mengadopsi pendekatan yang lebih pragmatis dan realistis. Dengan demikian, studi ini menyoroti bagaimana interaksi antara faktor domestik dan rivalitas kekuatan besar membentuk arah kebijakan luar negeri AS dalan merespons pengaruh Tiongkok melalui BRI.
RWANDA'S PARTNERSHIP WITH THE FAO: ADVANCING AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY AND MEETING THE SDGS Izza, Atina; Anisa, Farah
Journal of Social Political Sciences Vol 5 No 1 (2024): February 2024
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52166/jsps.v5i1.224

Abstract

Rwanda's efforts to rebuild the country after the 1994 genocide received a good response from the international community. Thanks to the agricultural industry, Rwanda's economy is growing rapidly. The agricultural sector is a major contributor to Rwanda's economic growth, employing around 70% of its population and contributing 30% of the country's GDP. Even compared to other African countries, Rwanda experienced the fastest economic growth, despite traumatic post-genocide rehabilitation. The importance of the agricultural sector to Rwanda's economy makes it necessary to establish partnerships with international organizations such as FAO. Cooperation between FAO and Rwanda is then included in the Country Programming Framework: 2019 -2023. Not only to create sustainable agriculture, FAO and Rwanda's collaboration is also aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Thus, this research will discuss in more depth how cooperation between Rwanda and FAO can contribute to achieving agricultural sustainability and the Sustainable Development Goals. The aim is to better understand how international organizations have a role in the development of developing countries. To answer this, this research will use secondary data analysis methods, both qualitative and quantitative. And the results found were that empowerment programs initiated by FAO had an important role in helping develop Rwanda's agricultural sector and had an impact on achieving several SDGs goals in Rwanda. However, it cannot be denied that the problems in Rwanda's agriculture have not been completely resolved. Challenges such as climate change are one that is still a problem for many countries, including Rwanda.
THE IMPACT OF THE WITHDRAWAL OF UNITED STATES MILITARY TROOPS ON FOOD SECURITY IN AFGHANISTAN IN 2021-2022 Izza, Atina; Basuki, Luthfi Wahyu
Journal of Social Political Sciences Vol 5 No 2 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52166/jsps.v5i2.227

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of the United States' armed military invasion of Afghanistan, initiated after the 9/11 tragedy, on food security in Afghanistan during the years 2021-2022. The research employs a qualitative approach, interpreting data through a descriptive method using literature review from articles, journals, and related scientific studies. The theoretical framework integrates Hegemony Theory to examine U.S. power in Afghanistan and Food Security Theory to assess the food security situation in Afghanistan during 2021-2022. The U.S. military invasion in Afghanistan resulted in economic, food, and political instability, placing the country under significant food security threats, exacerbated by geographic challenges that hinder economic recovery. After the full military withdrawal by the U.S. in 2021, driven by a shift in foreign policy prioritizing diplomacy, alongside critiques of the U.S. occupation and the "America First" policy under Donald Trump, nearly 11 million Afghans remained in critical food insecurity. This number rose to almost 20 million by 2022. International trade conducted by Afghanistan in 2021 had no significant effect on improving the domestic economy. Therefore, the study concludes that the U.S. military withdrawal did not improve Afghanistan's food security, as underlying issues such as geographic conditions and political instability remained the primary factors affecting the country's food security situation.
Co-Authors Anisa, Farah Basuki, Luthfi Wahyu