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All Journal EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis FORTE JOURNAL
Hikmah, Uzulul
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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NON-CODING RNA (ncRNA) IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY: A REVIEW Fitriani, Hannie; Hikmah, Uzulul; Ferneda, Larysa; Pramundita Ramadani, Arba
FORTE JOURNAL Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Edisi Juli 2025
Publisher : Universitas Haji Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51771/fj.v5i2.1446

Abstract

Diabetes Nefropati (DN) merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya end‐stage kidney disease. Studi molekuler menunjukkan ncRNA berperan penting dalam mengatur peradangan ginjal, apoptosis, autofagi, proliferasi sel, dan fibrosis ginjal di DN. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan tinjauan artikel mengenai ncRNA sebagai prospek baru dalam pengembangan diagnosis, prognosis, dan pengobatan untuk DN. Metode penelitian dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan studi literatur yang diperoleh dari penelusuran pada database elektronik pubmed dan google scholar dengan kata kunci “ncRNA and diabetes nephropathy” yang mencakup terkait etiologi, patofisiologi, biomarker. ncRNA yang meliputi miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA berperan dalam progresifitas penyakit DN. Studi mengenai ncRNA sebagai terapi masih dalam tahap pengembangan. Miravirsen dan RG-101 adalah beberapa obat miRNA yang telah diuji klinis, tetapi belum ditemukan obat miRNA yang spesifik untuk DN. Salah satu inovasi terapi yang dikembangkan adalah nanopartikel-miRNA-146a-5p (nano-miR-146a-5p) yang menunjukkan aktivitas penekanan ekspresi inflamasi sitokin yang memiliki efek perlindungan yang terjadi melalui regulasi respon inflamasi dan apoptosis. Pengembangan terapi ncRNA pada DN membutuhkan penelitian dan kajian lebih lanjut, sehingga mampu menjadi pilihan pengobatan DN di masa medatang.
Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Phyllanthus niruri SNEDDS Formulation According to OECD 425 Hikmah, Uzulul; Ramadani, Arba Pramundita; Canastie, Putri Julia; Ma'wa, Nurul Jannatul
EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, April 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/EKSAKTA.vol7.iss1.art2

Abstract

A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is a preparation that can increase the solubility of poorly soluble compounds, including Phyllanthus niruri. However, increasing solubility and bioavailability carries the risk of increased toxicity. Previous research showed that SNEDDS of Phyllanthus niruri (SNPN) at a dose of 100 mg/kgBW has hepatoprotective activity through decreasing ALT and AST enzyme levels after administering paracetamol at a dose of 3 g/kgBW in rats. However, at a dose of 200 mg/kg, ALT and AST levels increased, indicating potential toxicity. This study aims to determine the LD50 and to conduct histopathological observations of the liver and kidneys following oral administration of SNPN, in accordance with OECD 425 guidelines. Dose determination follows the recommendations of the AOT 425 StatPgm software, which includes the limit test (2000 mg/kg BW) and the main test (175, 550, and 2000 mg/kg BW), with observations made over 14 days. Next, the animals were sacrificed and necropsied to collect the liver and kidney organs for histopathological observation. LD50 determination was performed using AOT 425 StatPgm, and the level of organ damage was assessed using histopathological scoring. The result showed that the LD₅₀ value of SNPN exceeded 2000 mg/kgBW, placing it in category 5 (mild toxicity). Histopathological tests showed varying severity of changes between doses, indicating a toxic effect of SNPNadministration on the microscopic structure of the target organs. In conclusion, SNPN administration has the potential to cause mild acute toxicity, as indicated by the LD50 results and histological changes in the liver and kidneys.
Co-Authors Arba Pramundita Ramadani Canastie, Putri Julia Ferneda, Larysa Fitriani, Hannie Ma'wa, Nurul Jannatul Pramundita Ramadani, Arba