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Yosa Wananda
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Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Questioning the Legitimacy of the View that Zakat is Different from Tax (Historical Analysis) Yosa Wananda; Jamal Abdul Aziz
JURNAL PENDIDIKAN IPS Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL PENDIDIKAN IPS
Publisher : STKIP Taman Siswa Bima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37630/jpi.v15i3.3074

Abstract

This article examines historically and conceptually the view that separates zakat and taxes in Islamic legal discourse. Zakat is an obligation that has great potential for welfare and benefit, which are the objectives of sharia (Maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah). Using a qualitative-historical approach and discourse analysis, this study explores how the relationship between zakat and taxes is formed, maintained, and reproduced in various political and social contexts of the Muslim community. In the early days of Islam, zakat functioned as the primary fiscal instrument of the state based on revelation. However, during the Abbasid period, the emergence of complex fiscal needs prompted the institutionalization of additional taxes outside the zakat framework. The view that zakat ≠ tax became stronger during the colonial era, when modern taxation was imposed by secular powers and zakat was maintained as a symbol of religious identity. In the context of a modern state like Indonesia, this view remains dominant in regulations and social practices, despite the emergence of various integrative discourses. This study concludes that the separation between zakat and taxes is more of a historical and ideological construction than an absolute sharia norm. Therefore, a more contextual Islamic legal approach based on maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah is needed to formulate the ideal relationship between zakat and taxes in the fiscal system of contemporary Muslim countries.
Khulafaurrasyidin in the Shadow of Conflict: a Critical Study of the Transition of Power After the Prophet Yosa Wananda; Kholid Mawardi
JURNAL PENDIDIKAN IPS Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL PENDIDIKAN IPS
Publisher : STKIP Taman Siswa Bima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37630/jpi.v15i3.3112

Abstract

This study aims to critically examine the historical dynamics of the Khulafaur Rasyidin period as the initial phase of the formation of the Islamic government system. The four caliphs Abu Bakar, Umar, Uthman, and Ali ruled in a highly diverse and tense socio-political context. Analysis shows that this period was not entirely stable and harmonious, but rather fraught with internal crises such as elite conflicts, regional rebellions, and social fragmentation. Uthman bin Affan's leadership was marked by nepotism and public discontent that sparked open rebellion, while Ali bin Abi Talib's reign took place amid civil war and the emergence of armed opposition movements such as the Khawarij. This study utilises a historical-critical approach with classical Islamic sources and narrative analysis of power dynamics to demonstrate that the history of the Khulafaur Rasyidin needs to be understood in a more contextual manner. The results of this research are expected to enrich the discourse on Islamic political history by emphasising the importance of examining the complexity of social realities and the challenges of post Prophet governance.
Co-Authors Jamal Abdul Aziz Kholid Mawardi