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All Journal Best Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Herlaesa, Shofiatulfuadah Retnaningrum
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Education Immunology & microbiology Mathematics Physics Public Health

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Advancements in Modern Biotechnology for Enhanced Kojic Acid Production in the Cosmetic Industry: A Review Herlaesa, Shofiatulfuadah Retnaningrum; Muini, Chantiara F. M.; Khaerunisa, Aulia
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i6.10034

Abstract

Kojic acid (KA), a secondary metabolite from Aspergillus species, is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a skin-lightening agent, antioxidant, and anti-aging ingredient. With the growing demand for natural and effective skincare products, there is an increasing interest in sustainable and scalable KA production. Conventional fermentation methods remain limited by low yields, long incubation periods, and high costs. Advances in biotechnology now provide more efficient and reliable alternatives to overcome these challenges. This systematic review of studies published between 2020 and 2025 highlights recent developments in genetic engineering and process optimization for KA production. CRISPR/Cas9-based editing of regulatory genes such as kojR and the promoter region of kojA has improved production stability and yield, with increases reported up to 43 percent. Mutagenesis approaches using UV, gamma irradiation, microwave exposure, and atmospheric plasma have produced hyperproductive strains, with some reaching 96.5 g/L KA, representing a 293 percent increase compared with parental strains. In addition, novel regulatory proteins, including AoZFA and Aokap2, have been identified as key molecular factors controlling KA biosynthesis. Fermentation optimization also contributes significantly to efficiency. Adjustments in pH and temperature, the addition of metal ions such as Zn²⁺ and Pb²⁺, and the use of alternative substrates like sugarcane bagasse or sorghum sheaf have been shown to improve yields and reduce costs. These strategies not only increase production but also align with the demand for sustainable raw materials. Overall, integrating advanced genetic tools with optimized fermentation systems provides a strong platform for industrial-scale KA production. Modern biotechnology demonstrates clear potential to meet the requirements of the cosmetic industry while ensuring product safety, consistency, and scalability.
Kajian Literatur: Hubungan antara Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Swamedikasi dengan Dampak Negatif pada Masyarakat Pedesaan Muini, Chantiara FM; Herlaesa, Shofiatulfuadah Retnaningrum; Izzati, Maulia; Hilmi, Indah Laily; Sudarjat, Hadi
BEST Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/best.v8i2.13164

Abstract

Swamedikasi atau pengobatan mandiri menjadi praktik umum di masyarakat pedesaan sebagai solusi cepat dan murah untuk mengatasi keluhan ringan. Namun, keputusan ini sering dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan, keterbatasan ekonomi, jarak ke fasilitas kesehatan, budaya turun-temurun, serta pengaruh keluarga dan iklan obat. Faktor-faktor tersebut mendorong masyarakat melakukan penggunaan obat tanpa bimbingan tenaga medis, baik pada obat modern maupun tradisional. Akibatnya, muncul berbagai dampak negatif seperti resistensi antibiotik, overdosis, interaksi obat, gangguan organ, hingga risiko keguguran pada ibu hamil. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah literasi obat dan akses kesehatan, semakin besar kemungkinan terjadinya penggunaan obat yang tidak rasional. Karena itu, diperlukan edukasi kesehatan berkelanjutan dan pengawasan obat yang lebih ketat agar praktik swamedikasi di masyarakat pedesaan menjadi lebih aman dan rasional
Co-Authors Indah Laily Hilmi Izzati, Maulia Khaerunisa, Aulia Muini, Chantiara F. M. Muini, Chantiara FM Sudarjat, Hadi