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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Technology (INAJET) Jurnal Listrik, Instrumentasi, dan Elektronika Terapan Jurnal Teknik Elektro
Zen, Hafidz Nindhom
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Technical Analysis of Lightning Arrester Replacement to Improve Customer's Power Grid Reliability Zen, Hafidz Nindhom; Ibrohim; Baihaqi, Mochamad Faris
Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Technology (INAJET) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/inajet.v8n1.p33-40

Abstract

The reliability of the power distribution network in the tropics is particularly vulnerable to thunderstorm disturbances, which can cause asset damage and service interruptions. Lightning arrester (LA) as a primary protection component experiences performance degradation over time due to environmental factors, which has the potential to cause protection failure to thermal runaway. This study aims to conduct a technical analysis of the urgency of replacing existing LA units through a quantitative evaluation of isolation prisoners and a comparison of technical specifications with modern LA. The research methodology refers to the standard testing of insulation resistance with high DC voltage (2.5 kV - 5 kV), where values below the critical threshold of 1 Giga Ohm (GΩ) are identified as indicators of insulation failure after corrective cleaning measures are ruled out. The researchers analyzed that the value below the standard indicated a significant risk of leakage current that could trigger catastrophic failure of the Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) block. The results of this analysis are expected to provide a strong technical justification for predictive maintenance policies, in order to improve surge protection capabilities, reduce the rate of disturbances, and ultimately strengthen the reliability of the electrical system comprehensively.
Arduino Controlled Automatic Capacitor Bank for Power Quality Improvement in Household Scale Zen, Hafidz Nindhom; Ibrohim; Haryudo, Subuh Isnur; Endryansyah
Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jte.v16i2.33936

Abstract

The use of inductive loads on a household scale, especially in electricity customers with a power of 1300 VA, often leads to low power factor values (cos φ) which degrades power quality. This study aims to design and build an Arduino-based automatic capacitor bank system capable of dynamically improving power quality in 1300 VA household electrical installations. The system integrates an Arduino Nano microcontroller with a PZEM-004T sensor to monitor electrical parameters—such as voltage, current, and cos φ—in real time and automatically controls capacitor switching through relays to provide the most suitable compensation. Experimental results show that the system successfully increased the power factor from an average of 0.75 to 0.97 under varying load conditions. In addition, the implementation reduced reactive power by up to 65% and demonstrated potential savings in electricity bills of approximately 8–12% for household consumers. These findings indicate that the proposed system not only improves power factor close to ideal conditions (cos φ ≈ 1) but also enhances overall energy efficiency and provides tangible economic benefits for household users.
Automatic Capacitor Bank Planning Design using Microcontroller for Power Factor Optimization Ibrohim, Ibrohim; Haryudo, Subuh Isnur; Endryansyah, Endryansyah; Zen, Hafidz Nindhom
Jurnal Listrik, Instrumentasi, dan Elektronika Terapan Vol 7, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Sekolah Vokasi UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/juliet.v7i1.110984

Abstract

Low power factor (cos φ) remains a prevalent issue in residential electrical installations, primarily due to inductive appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, and water pumps, which increase reactive power and reduce overall system efficiency. This condition leads to voltage drops, increased current flow, and higher I²R losses, affecting electricity expenditure and long-term equipment reliability. To address this problem, this study proposes an automatic power factor correction system based on reactive power compensation, where capacitors function as local suppliers of reactive power to stabilize voltage and reduce grid loading. The system utilizes an Arduino Nano microcontroller integrated with a PZEM-004T sensor for real-time monitoring of voltage, current, and power factor. Based on the measured parameters, capacitor switching is performed using relay-based control to enable adaptive compensation according to load variations. Experimental testing was conducted under real household operating conditions for a total duration of four months, including pre- and post-intervention measurements. The results showed a substantial improvement in power factor, increasing from 0.79–0.82 to 0.91–0.99 after capacitor bank installation. Current consumption also decreased—for example, from 4.23 A to 3.50 A in Week 1 and from 9.61 A to 8.10 A in Week 5, indicating reduced power losses and improved voltage stability. Furthermore, energy usage declined from 737 kWh to 605 kWh over two months, resulting in an energy saving of 17.9%. In conclusion, the proposed system demonstrates that low-cost automated power factor correction can effectively enhance residential energy efficiency and offer measurable economic benefits for household consumers.
Co-Authors Baihaqi, Mochamad Faris Endryansyah Endryansyah . . Ibrohim Ibrohim Subuh Isnur Haryudo