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Protectionism In Economic Policy: Peran Pajak Perdagangan Internasional Dalam Perlindungan Industri Dalam Negeri S, Angel Icha Leony Lastiur; Salsabila, Diva Nayla; Ayyasi, Sofi; Pangestoeti, Wahjoe
EDU SOCIATA ( JURNAL PENDIDIKAN SOSIOLOGI ) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Edu Sociata : Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi
Publisher : EDU SOCIATA ( JURNAL PENDIDIKAN SOSIOLOGI )

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33627/es.v8i1.3455

Abstract

In the era of globalisation marked by the creation of free trade flows, many domestic industries face great challenges due to competition with cheaper and more massive foreign products. To overcome this, countries implement protectionist policies, one of which is through the implementation of international trade taxes. This study aims to analyse how international trade taxes play a role in protecting domestic industries, especially infant industries in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method based on literature study to explore various academic views, fiscal policies, and related economic realities. The study results show that while international trade tax policy can provide room for growth and fairness for local industries, it also risks causing market disruption, increasing consumer prices, and triggering trade retaliation. Therefore, a more adaptive and sustainable approach is needed through alternative policies such as subsidies, increasing industrial competitiveness, and balancing protection and economic openness.
Bounded Rationality in Energy Policy: Analyzing the Ban on Retail Sales of Subsidized 3-Kilogram LPG in Indonesia Siahaan, Sonia Trifosa; Laudie, Gege; Siringo-ringo, Angel Icha Leony; Salsabila, Diva Nayla; Aryanisah, Bintang; Ghufran, Fawwaz
Journal Governance Bureaucratic Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): August, 2025
Publisher : Center for Maritime Policy Governance Studies (CMPGS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31629/jgbr.v2i2.7744

Abstract

The prohibition of retail sales of subsidized 3-kilogram Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in Indonesia represents the government’s effort to improve subsidy distribution efficiency and prevent misuse by non-eligible consumers. However, this study argues that the formulation and implementation of the policy reflect the phenomenon of bounded rationality in public decision-making. The purpose of this research is to analyze how cognitive, informational, and temporal limitations affected the design and execution of the policy, resulting in deviations from its intended objectives. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature review method, this study examines secondary data from academic journals, official reports, and credible media sources to understand the dynamics of policy implementation. The findings reveal that the policy, while aiming to ensure accuracy in subsidy targeting, inadvertently restricted access for low-income households and small traders, leading to economic strain and the emergence of black markets. Weak data verification, limited public communication, and poor monitoring further exacerbated implementation challenges. Viewed through the lens of bounded rationality, policymakers acted under fiscal and political pressure, opting for “satisficing” solutions instead of optimal decisions. The study concludes that future energy subsidy reforms must integrate digital data systems, enhance beneficiary verification, and strengthen participatory oversight to minimize irrational policy outcomes and ensure equitable energy access for vulnerable communities.