Muhammad Kholidinna Qasabandiyah
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21st-Century Educational Leadership: A Review of Core Theories, Managerial Perspectives, and Emerging Trends Bahtiar, Hikmanisa; Muhammad Kholidinna Qasabandiyah
Journal for Teaching and Education for Scholars Vol 2 No 2 (2025): JOTES: November (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Cendekiawan Indonesia Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59065/jotes.v2i2.236

Abstract

Educational leadership is a key factor in improving the quality of learning, teacher professionalism, and the effectiveness of school and university organizations. This article aims to review the development of core educational leadership theory, the integration of management and business perspectives, and contemporary trends that shape 21st-century leadership. Using a scoping review approach, this study analyzes 30 selected articles published between 2019 and 2024, sourced from international databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Sage, and ERIC). The articles were categorized into three groups: (1) core models of educational leadership such as instructional, strategic, spiritual, and emotional leadership; (2) interdisciplinary perspectives linking education with management theory, including governance, resource management, and empowerment leadership; and (3) contemporary trends in digital, global, innovative, and character-based leadership. The results of the review show that instructional and strategic leadership remain the main foundation, but are increasingly reinforced by organizational management theory and business innovation. In addition, the demands of globalization, digitalization, and social change have led to the emergence of new leadership models that are more collaborative, adaptive, and value-oriented. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating classical theory, managerial insights, and contemporary trends to shape educational leaders who are capable of responding to the complexities of the modern era while preparing the research agenda for the future.
The First Metric: The WE Index, Responsiveness, and Cultural Scripts Bahtiar, Hikmanisa; Muhammad Kholidinna Qasabandiyah
Research and Innovation in Social Science Education Journal (RISSEJ) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : UM Purwokerto Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/rissej.v3i2.332

Abstract

"First love" is often understood as the earliest relationship, but evidence from psycholinguistics, interpersonal communication, and autobiographical memory suggests that it is more accurately viewed as a narrative-cognitive status. This brief article introduces a minimal measurement framework for assessing this status through three indicators: the WE Index (the proportion of "we/us" pronouns relative to personal pronouns plus love labels/metaphors), Perceived Responsiveness, and Age-Event Compatibility as a proxy for cultural scripts. Relying on a structured narrative review of >100 studies, we map a process model of WE →Responsiveness → Event Centrality → First Love Labeling, with emotional intensity and age–event fit as drivers/moderators. The synthesis reveals consistent patterns: Higher KITA indices correlate with higher responsiveness; responsiveness supports shared reminiscing and increases centrality; centrality predicts “first love” labeling, particularly when age-event expectations are met. The researchers present a quick operationalization (5-10minute speech sample, 3-6 item responsiveness scale, 1-2 item fit check, and brief centrality measure) that is ready for replication. Conclusion: this framework summarizes complex literature into a clear, measurable, and testable starter kit, while providing practical contributions to relational assessment and education.