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Dinari, Rizka
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Nursing Public Health

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The use of growth velocity z-scores to early detect growth faltering in Indonesian infants Dinari, Rizka; Oktaria, Vicka; Danchin, Margie
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to describe infant growth patterns using attained growth z-scores and growth velocity z-scores in the first year of life in Indonesia. Method: A cohort study of 359 newborns was conducted in 2015-2017 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Weight and length were routinely measured throughout the first year of life to calculate the attained growth z-scores (weight-for-age/WAZ, length-for-age/LAZ, and weight-for-length z-scores/WLZ) and growth velocity z-scores (weight velocity/WVZ and length velocity z-scores/LVZ). Undernutrition was categorized into underweight (WAZ<-2), stunting (LAZ<-2), and wasting (WLZ<-2). Growth faltering was categorized into weight faltering (WVZ<5th centile) and length faltering (LVZ<5th centile) using WHO child growth standards. Results: The proportion of undernutrition and growth faltering varied throughout infancy. The highest proportion of undernutrition was the proportion of stunting at 12 months (15.3%) which was two times higher than at birth (7.3%). The highest proportion of weight and length faltering was in 4-6 months with 28.6% and 39.4%, respectively. Median WAZ was relatively stable at around -0.30 SD in the first six months before it slightly decreased to -0.64 SD at 12 months of age. Median LAZ increased from -0.62 SD at birth to -0.23 SD at four months before declining to -0.83 SD at 12 months. In comparison to attained growth z-scores, growth velocity z-scores depicted an opposing pattern. Median WVZ decreased from 0.33 SD at 0-2 months to -0.80 SD at 4-6 months, while median LAZ dropped from 1.33 SD at 0-2 months to -1.20 SD at 6-9 months. Conclusion: The proportions of undernutrition and growth faltering were relatively high in the first year of life. Growth velocity z-scores showed an earlier downward pattern than attained growth z-scores. Therefore, routine monitoring, particularly in growth velocity z-scores, might allow earlier detection and treatment of child growth faltering.
Weight faltering and its association with wasting and stunting in Indonesian infants Dinari, Rizka; Oktaria, Vicka; Julia, Madarina; Danchin, Margaret
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Vol 42 No 02 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v42i02.28058

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of weight faltering, wasting, and stunting in infancy and explore their associations. Methods: This secondary analysis used a 2015-2017 birth-longitudinal cohort study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Mean Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ) were presented. Weight faltering, wasting, and stunting were assessed. Weight faltering refers to a deceleration in weight that crosses two major percentiles relative to the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards, evaluated at 0-6 and 6-12 months. Wasting is defined as WLZ<-2 SD, while stunting is LAZ<-2 SD. The association between weight faltering and undernutrition at 6 and 12 months was explored using logistic regression. Results: This study included 294 of 422 participants from the original cohort study. The prevalence of wasting and stunting peaked at 7 months (13%, 6/45) and at 12 months (17%, 25/150), respectively. Weight faltering at 0-6 months (10%, 28/293) was higher than in 6-12 months (4%, 10/250). Bivariate analysis showed that weight faltering at 0-6 months was significantly associated with wasting at 6 months (OR 10.89, 95% CI 3.41-34.80, p-value<0.001) and at 12 months (OR 7.17, 95% CI 1.53-33.49, p-value=0.027), but not with stunting. Conclusion: The prevalence of weight faltering and wasting was higher at 6-7 months of life, whereas stunting was higher at 12 months. Despite showing no significant association with stunting, infants with weight faltering have a higher risk of wasting. Identification of weight faltering is essential to signal the need for further clinical investigation and to enable early intervention to prevent the onset of wasting.
Weight faltering and its association with wasting and stunting in Indonesian infants Dinari, Rizka; Oktaria, Vicka; Julia, Madarina; Danchin, Margaret
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Vol 42 No 02 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v42i02.28058

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of weight faltering, wasting, and stunting in infancy and explore their associations. Methods: This secondary analysis used a 2015-2017 birth-longitudinal cohort study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Mean Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ) were presented. Weight faltering, wasting, and stunting were assessed. Weight faltering refers to a deceleration in weight that crosses two major percentiles relative to the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards, evaluated at 0-6 and 6-12 months. Wasting is defined as WLZ<-2 SD, while stunting is LAZ<-2 SD. The association between weight faltering and undernutrition at 6 and 12 months was explored using logistic regression. Results: This study included 294 of 422 participants from the original cohort study. The prevalence of wasting and stunting peaked at 7 months (13%, 6/45) and at 12 months (17%, 25/150), respectively. Weight faltering at 0-6 months (10%, 28/293) was higher than in 6-12 months (4%, 10/250). Bivariate analysis showed that weight faltering at 0-6 months was significantly associated with wasting at 6 months (OR 10.89, 95% CI 3.41-34.80, p-value<0.001) and at 12 months (OR 7.17, 95% CI 1.53-33.49, p-value=0.027), but not with stunting. Conclusion: The prevalence of weight faltering and wasting was higher at 6-7 months of life, whereas stunting was higher at 12 months. Despite showing no significant association with stunting, infants with weight faltering have a higher risk of wasting. Identification of weight faltering is essential to signal the need for further clinical investigation and to enable early intervention to prevent the onset of wasting.
Co-Authors Danchin, Margaret Danchin, Margie Madarina Julia Vicka Oktaria