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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Health Research and Development
Ismail, Abubakar Isyaku
Unknown Affiliation
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Reported Trachoma Cases in Kano State, Nigeria (2013-2019) Ismail, Abubakar Isyaku; Saleh , Amina Hayat; Abdulkadir, Tukur
Indonesian Journal of Health Research and Development Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Health Research and Development (February)
Publisher : CV Media Inti Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58723/ijhrd.v3i1.278

Abstract

Trachoma is caused as a result of chronic infection of the conjunctiva by chlamydia trachomatis and is the world’s leading infectious cause of blindness, more especially in developing countries due to poverty, overcrowding, poor sanitation, poor water supply, unimproved latrines and unhygienic management of kept animals all leads to the disease. The study analyzed the reported cases of trachoma in Kano State. Hospital records for seven years (2013 – 2019) were obtained from three specialist eye hospitals and from the neglected Tropical disease unit of the Department of Public Health and Disease Control Ministry of Health Kano State. To show spatio-temporal distribution of the disease, coordinate of wards in the state were generated and imported into Arc GIS environment for mapping. Hotspot and cold spot analysis were used to determine the risk areas of trachoma prevalence. Spatial distributions of trachoma in the state were shown using choropleth maps; and prevalence rate at local government levels were depicted. The findings revealed high prevalence of the disease in non-metropolitan local government areas (LGAs) which include Gabasawa, Shanono, Kura, Tudun wada with a prevalence of 231,000 – 301,000 cases per 100,000 people per year. The trend analysis of trachoma shows endemicity throughout the years in the state with a very high prevalence rate in 2017, and decline in 2018 and 2019. This study recommendations that the implementation of the WHO SAFE strategies, surgery for Trichiasis antibiotics for disease, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Guava Leaf Fractions of Psidium guajava (Guava) Cultivated in Idah, Nigeria Lawan, Imrana; Ismail, Abubakar Isyaku
Indonesian Journal of Health Research and Development Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Health Research and Development (November)
Publisher : CV Media Inti Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58723/ijhrd.v2i3.290

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava leaves. Psidium guajava (guava) belonging to the Myrtaceae family is an evergreen tree cultivated for its precious fruits and high biological properties. This research work was done to screen the phytochemical present and determine the antimicrobial properties of Psidium guajava leaf fractions. Ethanol solvent was used to extract the sample (using the cold maceration method), and the crude extract was further fractionated using n-hexane, acetone, and methanol solvents respectively. The screening of the phytochemicals (to test for alkaloids, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and saponins) was done using the standard procedure, and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the plant was done using agar well diffusion method. The results showed that Psidium guajava leaf extracts contain all the phytochemicals tested, with an n-Hexane fraction containing Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins polyphenols, and steroids. The acetone fraction reveals Alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, polyphenols, and steroids, while the methanol fraction contains Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The results also showed Psidium guajava's promising antimicrobial properties, with the n-hexane fraction showing the greatest antimicrobial activity. This research has confirmed the widespread traditional medicinal applications, which is most prevalent among people living in northern Nigeria.
Co-Authors Abdulkadir, Tukur Lawan, Imrana Saleh , Amina Hayat