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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin
Wardana, Vrischo Candra Kumara
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Mechanical Engineering

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The Effect of Coal and Sawdust Co-Firing on Boiler Efficiency with the Direct and Indirect Calculation Methods at PT PLN Nusantara Power Unit 2 Issafira, Radissa Dzaky; Rizki, Muhammad Daru Fatkhur; Mokh Ausin Al Qoroni; Wardana, Vrischo Candra Kumara
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): Volume 20, Nomor 2, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v20i2.6548

Abstract

The increasing demand for electricity in Indonesia has led to a rise in fossil fuel consumption, resulting in negative environmental impacts. As part of its commitment to achieving net zero emissions by 2060, the Indonesian government has begun promoting the application of co-firing technology that utilizes biomass as an alternative fuel. One promising type of biomass is sawdust, which can be blended with coal in the combustion process. This study aims to analyze the effect of sawdust blending on boiler efficiency using both direct and indirect calculation methods. The results show that a fuel composition of 55% low-rank coal (LRC), 40% medium-rank coal (MRC), and 5% sawdust produces a boiler efficiency of 86.8% using the direct method and 85.2% using the indirect method. Additionally, this blend generates lower emissions compared to a mixture of 80% LRC and 20% MRC. These findings indicate that sawdust, when applied through co-firing technology, contributes to improved combustion efficiency and reduced emissions in coal-fired power plants.  
Analysis of Sawdust and Coal Biomass Fuel Variations on the Efficiency of 660 MW Multistage Turbine Steam Power Plant Mokh Ausin Al Qoroni; Issafira, Radissa Dzaky; Rizki, Muhammad Daru Fatkhur; Wardana, Vrischo Candra Kumara
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025): Volume 20, Nomor 3, Desember 2025
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v20i3.6549

Abstract

The use of biomass as an alternative fuel in power generation systems is an important strategy in supporting the clean energy transition. This study analyzes the effect of variations in the mixture of biomass fuel in the form of sawdust with coal on the efficiency of a 660 MW multistage turbine in a Steam Power Plant (PLTU). The study was conducted experimentally with six variations of sawdust mixture from 0% to 5%. Data were obtained from direct observation and secondary data, then analyzed quantitatively using calculations of isentropic efficiency, turbine power, turbine heat rate, thermal efficiency, and exhaust emissions. The results showed that increasing the percentage of sawdust caused a decrease in the isentropic efficiency of the three types of turbines, namely High Pressure Turbine (HPT) from 85.90% to 83.20%, Intermediate Pressure Turbine (IPT) 98.01% to 96.89%, and Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) from 88.64% to 88.03%, output power from 639.150 MW to 603.525 MW, and thermal efficiency from 45.16%. to 44.04%, as well as an increase in turbine heat rate from 7971.761 kJ/kWh to 8174.373 kJ/kWh. However, flue gas emissions decreased significantly such as SO₂ from 354.898 mg/Nm³ to 11.507 mg/Nm³ and NOₓ from 220.549 mg/Nm³ to 140.324 mg/Nm³, while CO₂ remained relatively stable. The decrease in efficiency is due to the characteristics of sawdust, which has a lower heating value and higher moisture content than coal.
Co-Authors Issafira, Radissa Dzaky Mokh Ausin Al Qoroni Rizki, Muhammad Daru Fatkhur