Bastian, Yonas
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TEXTUAL INTERPRETATION OF THE COWS OF BASHAN AND CRITICS OF AMOS IN AMOS 4: 1-3 Bastian, Yonas; Dirgaprimawan, Bernadus
Journal of Asian Orientation in Theology Vol 6, No 01 (2024): Journal Asian Orientation in Theology
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jaot.v6i01.7108

Abstract

The book of Amos, chapter 4:1-3, illustrates Amos's strategic choice in rebuking the government officials who indulge in luxury. Amos compares these elites to the cows of Bashan. Through rhetorical critique of that passage, this article aims to analyze the motives why Amos deliberately uses the metaphor the cows of Bashan. Amos wants his criticism that he conveys to be right on target to his interlocutors. He recognized that his interlocutors were not ordinary people; they were part of the elite class accustomed to luxurious lifestyles. Taking advantage of their husbands' high positions, they enriched themselves while turning a deaf ear to the grievances of the common people. Therefore, this article believes that through the metaphor of the cows of Bashan and the hook punishment, Amos makes a sarcastic satire because it is seen as effective in touching upon the sensitivities of these government officials. Amos chose the metaphor of the cows of Bashan also because of the socio-geographical context that is very close to their lives. Through this sarcastic satire, Amos successfully conveyed his theological message cleverly: that God does not remain silent in reproaching anyone who disregards the marginalized and oppressed.
Membangun komunitas yang egaliter: Analisis sosio-kultural tentang persoalan Onesimus dalam Filemon 1:8-22 Bastian, Yonas; Aryanto, Antonius Galih Arga Wiwin
KURIOS Vol. 9 No. 3: Desember 2023
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v9i3.386

Abstract

This research paper about Onesimus attempts to analyze the letter of Philemon by employing historical-critical methods, especially approaching the problem of Onesimus in the context of Roman Slavery in the first century. The approach highlights the status of Onesimus as a slave who runs away from his master, Philemon. According to Roman Law, Onesimus must be punished for his position as a fugitive. In his letter, Paul desires to solve the problem between the slave and his master in the context of a Christian relationship. He beseeches Philemon to accept Onesimus back, not as a slave but as a brother in Christ. In the Greco-Roman community, Paul teaches the community to get one another as brothers and sisters because of their baptism. Although the members have different social statuses, including slave and master, Jewish and Greek, man and woman, all of them are united in the same faith in Christ. Paul’s letter to Philemon becomes a pastoral encouragement emphasizing love as the foundation for Christian life and strengthening the community to forgive and accept one another.AbstrakPaper penelitian tentang Onesimus ini bertujuan untuk menga-nalisis teks Filemon menggunakan metode historis kritis dengan melaku-kan pendekatan pada persoalan Onesimus dari konteks sosial budaya ten-tang sistem perbudakan Romawi di abad pertama. Pendekatan itu mem-perjelas status Onesimus sebagai seorang budak yang melarikan diri dari tuannya, Filemon. Berdasar hukum Romawi, Onesimus harus dihukum karena menjadi fugitivus. Dalam suratnya, Paulus berusaha menyelesai-kan persoalan relasi budak dan tuannya ini dalam sebuah relasi jemaat Kristiani. Paulus meminta Filemon untuk menerima kembali Onesimus bukan hanya sebagai budak, tetapi juga sebagai saudara dalam Kristus. Dalam komunitas yang kental dengan budaya Romawi itu, Paulus meng-ajar mereka untuk menerima sesamanya sebagai saudara karena pembap-tisan yang sama. Meskipun anggota jemaat memiliki perbedaan status sosial termasuk tuan dan budak, orang Yahudi dan orang Yunani, laki-laki dan perempuan, mereka disatukan dalam iman yang sama akan Kristus. Surat kepada Filemon menjadi anjuran pastoral Paulus yang menekankan kasih sebagai dasar hidup Kristiani dan mendorong komunitas untuk sa-ling mengampuni dan menerima satu sama lain.