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Efendi, Bhaktiar
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Mathematics Physics

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Monetary Policy Transmission And Exchange Rate Fluctuations In Asian Countries Adamy, Laila; Nazliana Nasution, Lia; Rusiadi, Rusiadi; Efendi, Bhaktiar; Suhendi, Suhendi
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v5i3.164

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of monetary policy instruments—money supply, interest rates, and foreign exchange reserves—in managing trade balance stability across selected Asian and European countries, including Indonesia, India, the United Kingdom, and Russia. Employing a quantitative approach with a Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the research examines both shortterm and longterm effects of macroeconomic variables on trade performance from 2019 to 2023. The findings reveal that in Indonesia and India, money supply and interest rates serve as primary indicators for maintaining external equilibrium, aligning with classical monetary theory. In contrast, foreign exchange reserves are the sole significant factor influencing trade balance stability in Russia and the UK. The panel analysis confirms that while all variables contribute, interest rate is the most consistent tool for longterm trade balance management, whereas reserves and interest rate dominate in the short term. These results underscore the need for adaptive, contextspecific policy combinations rather than reliance on a single instrument. The study offers strategic insights for policymakers in emerging markets, highlighting the critical role of coordinated monetary tools in ensuring macroeconomic and external sector resilience.
The Role Of Human Development In Economic Growth And Poverty Reduction In Bener Meriah Regency Mirantika, Mirantika; Rusiadi, Rusiadi; Nazliana Nasution, Lia; Efendi, Bhaktiar; Suhendi, Suhendi
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v5i3.167

Abstract

This study aims to examine the interrelationship between economic growth and poverty in Bener Meriah Regency by employing a simultaneous equations modeling approach. Two main structural equations were developed: the first evaluates the influence of unemployment, the Human Development Index (HDI), and poverty on economic growth; the second investigates the impact of expected years of schooling (EYS), labor force participation, and economic growth on poverty levels. The estimation results reveal that HDI and poverty significantly affect economic growth, while unemployment shows no statistically significant influence. In the second equation, educational attainment (as measured by EYS) and economic growth are found to be significant factors in reducing poverty, whereas the labor force variable does not exhibit a meaningful effect.These findings underscore the pivotal role of human development—particularly in the domains of education and decent living standards—as a fundamental driver of inclusive economic growth and sustainable poverty alleviation. The study offers valuable insights for regional development policy, emphasizing the need to invest in human capital and enhance the quality of the local workforce. By adopting a simultaneous modeling framework, this research provides a strategic reference for designing holistic and socially equitable development policies, especially in rural regions such as Bener Meriah.
Interdependence Between Green Economic Growth And Digital Transformation In Indonesia Febriani Laili, Afini; Rusiadi, Rusiadi; Nazliana Nasution, Lia; Efendi, Bhaktiar; Suhendi, Suhendi
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v5i3.168

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of policy controls on digital-based green economy indicators in Indonesia using the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) approach. The analysis centers on variables such as Employed Person, Green Credit, Exports of ICT Goods, Household Debt to GDP, Green Consumption, Green Trade, and Green Sustainable Development. The findings reveal that in the short term, most variables are predominantly influenced by their own past values, especially the Employed Person indicator. However, in the medium and long term, the interaction between Household Debt to GDP and other variables emerges as a pivotal factor in reinforcing sustainable development policies. This suggests that household financial stability plays a vital role in supporting green consumption, digital exports, and sustainability financing. These results align with previous studies highlighting the interconnected roles of labor, household finance, and green trade in driving inclusive green economic growth. Accordingly, development strategies should be tailored based on temporal horizons and the structural interlinkages among key variables. This research contributes empirically to the formulation of adaptive, digital-driven green policy frameworks in the post-pandemic era.
Integrating Sustainable Development And Poverty Reduction: A Model For Central Aceh Regency Khairuddin, Khairuddin; Nazliana Nasution, Lia; Rusiadi, Rusiadi; Efendi, Bhaktiar; Suhendi, Suhendi
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v5i3.169

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the contribution and dynamic interrelationships among key socio-economic variables influencing poverty and human development in Indonesia, using the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) approach within a simultaneous equation framework. The variables analyzed include poverty, unemployment, labor force participation rate (LFPR), per capita income, and the Human Development Index (HDI). The results reveal that poverty is primarily influenced by lagged values of per capita income and HDI. Meanwhile, unemployment is significantly affected by poverty and LFPR. LFPR itself is influenced by poverty, while per capita income is impacted by unemployment. HDI is significantly driven by poverty and per capita income. These findings confirm that the interactions among variables are simultaneous and can mutually reinforce or weaken each other. Therefore, policies aimed at poverty alleviation and human development enhancement must be designed in an integrated and cross-sectoral manner. A multidimensional approach that considers the historical interlinkages among variables is essential for formulating inclusive, sustainable, and evidence-based development strategies. This study offers both theoretical and practical contributions to socio-economic policymaking, particularly in the context of green and digital development in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Adamy, Laila Febriani Laili, Afini Khairuddin - Mirantika, Mirantika Nazliana Nasution, Lia Suhendi Suhendi