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All Journal Substantia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin Insight : International Journal of social research
Az Zahra, Fitria
Unknown Affiliation
Religion Humanities Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science

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The Effectiveness of Electrical Stimulation For Bell's Palsy Patients: Literature Review Az Zahra, Fitria; Subagia, Rillo Tri; Alpiah, Dini Nur
International Journal of Social Research Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Insight : International Journal of Social Research
Publisher : Worldwide Research Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/insight.v2i2.23

Abstract

Many problems can occur in Bells Palsy, one of which is weakness in facial muscles. prevalence of Bell's palsy around 19.55% number of cases in Indonesia. This study aims to determine effectiveness of electrical stimulation in facial muscle strength in Bell's Palsy. This literature review research uses PICO as a database. Experimental group received sessions of transcutaneous electrical stimulation over period time, while control group received no additional stimulation. Have 4 journals that met criteria and showed results with p-value<0.05. conclusion of journal that receiv. The conclusion this journal is electrical stimulation experienced a significant increase in the strength of their facial muscles compared to control group. Subjective measurements supported improvements in facial expression and speaking ability. We conclude that electrical stimulation can be an effective method for increasing facial muscle strength in people with Bell's Palsy. However, further research’s needed to validate these findings and determine optimal stimulation parameters
Toxic Friendship and Hadith-Based Relational Ethics: A Thematic Study of Choosing Friends Az Zahra, Fitria; Mugiyono, Mugiyono; Almunadi, Almunadi
Substantia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat UIN Ar-raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/substantia.v28i1.34376

Abstract

Toxic friendship has emerged as a significant relational problem in contemporary society, often marked by manipulation, imbalance, emotional harm, and the erosion of moral integrity. This article examines the ethical principles articulated in the Prophet Muhammad’s hadiths on choosing friends and explores their relevance for addressing harmful friendship patterns in the modern era. Using qualitative library research and a thematic hadith approach, the study draws on hadiths concerning friendship as primary sources and classical commentaries, including Fath al-Bari by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and Sharh Sahih Muslim by Imam al-Nawawi, as interpretive references. The analysis combines textual, contextual, and descriptive-analytical approaches to identify the ethical meanings embedded in these hadiths. The findings indicate that the hadith tradition emphasizes moral selectivity, social responsibility, self-protection, and relational balance as key principles for evaluating friendship. These values provide a normative framework for preventing and addressing unhealthy relationships that may harm psychological well-being, moral character, and spiritual integrity. The study concludes that hadith-based ethics of friendship remain contextually relevant for cultivating healthy, dignified, and morally responsible social relationships in contemporary life.
Co-Authors Almunadi Almunadi, Almunadi Alpiah, Dini Nur Mugiyono Mugiyono Subagia, Rillo Tri