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All Journal Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Onwuezobe, Ifeanyi Abraham
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Arts Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Engineering Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Genotypic Detection of Dominant Bacteria in Dental Caries in Uyo, Nigeria Udoh, Mary Athanasius; Onwuezobe, Ifeanyi Abraham; Abdulkadir, Rasheedat; Abubakar, Auwal; Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle; Onah, Daniel Oche
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5799

Abstract

Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent and persistent oral health challenges globally, with nearly universal incidence across populations. The disease is increasingly complicated by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a phenomenon largely driven by biofilm formation and the acquisition of resistance genes. This study aimed to identify the predominant bacterial species implicated in the etiology of dental caries in Uyo, Nigeria, and to characterize their associated antibiotic resistance genes. A total of 120 clinical samples were analyzed using the VITEK 2 Compact System (bioMérieux) for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Molecular detection of three extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes—CTX-M, TEM, and OXA—was performed via PCR using standard thermal cycling conditions on an ABI 9700 Applied Biosystems platform. Among the 27 isolates recovered, Gram-negative bacteria constituted 66.7%, with Burkholderia cepacia complex being the most prevalent (25.9%). Burkholderia cepacia exhibited high sensitivity to Amikacin and Tobramycin but showed marked resistance to Ceftazidime. Of the B. cepacia isolates, 6 (85.7%) underwent 16S rRNA sequencing, confirming their identity as Burkholderia cepacia (n=4) and Burkholderia cenocepacia (n=2). CTX-M genes were detected in all sequenced isolates (100%), while TEM genes were present in one isolate (16.7%) and OXA genes were absent. These findings underscore the potential public health threat posed by ESBL-producing B. cepacia complex strains in dental caries, highlighting the urgent need for targeted antimicrobial stewardship and enhanced surveillance in oral healthcare settings.
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex: A Cause of Dental Caries in Uyo, Southern Nigeria State Udoh, Mary Athanasius; Onwuezobe, Ifeanyi Abraham; Umo, Anthony Nathaniel; Kingsley, Victoria Intimate; Shehu, Amina Jummai
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5121

Abstract

Background. Dental caries is a common oral disease worldwide, and it affects above 90% of the population. Several bacteria species are implicated in caries; many of which are the normal microbiota of the buccal cavity. These bacteria are often opportunistic. Caries process starts from proliferation of oral flora, establishment of non-oral bacteria, and production of biofilm leading to plaque formation. This serves as a shield for pathogenic bacteria from being eliminated by antibiotics. The aim of this study was to find out the dominant bacteria of caries in Uyo, and factors that influence their occurrence. Methods. One hundred and twenty plaque samples of participants were analyzed using standard laboratory methods; biochemical and antibiotics susceptibility tests results were obtained using Vitek 2 System (bioMe´rieux). CTX-M, TEM and OXA resistance genes were analyzed for, and were amplified on an ABI 9700 Applied Biosystems thermal cycler using pre-determined conditions set. Results. Nine (9 (33.3%) Gram-positive bacteria and 18 (66.7%) Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained. The dominant isolate was Burkholderia cepacia complex 7 (25.9%), while some of the least were; Pediococcus pentosaceus 1 (3.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 (3.7%). Ceftazidime was the antibiotic B. cepacia were mostly resistant to, but greatly sensitive to Amikacin and Tobramycin. Six B. cepacia isolates (out of 7 identified) were further analyzed molecularly by 16s rRNA sequencing. Burkholderia cenocepacia (2 isolates) and Burkholderia cepacia (4 isolates) were the two species identified. Conclusions. B. cepacia complex is known to cause major complications in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients. Therefore, it is a major health challenge for it to be implicated in caries in Uyo, as it can easily spread to different parts of the body (the lungs inclusive) through the carious tooth. It is also an established fact that B. cepacia resistance genes rapidly disseminate, making treatment difficult.
Phenotypic Detection and Risk Factors of Bacteria Aetiological Agents of Dental Caries in Patients in Uyo Nigeria Onwuezobe, Ifeanyi Abraham; Udoh, Mary Athanasius; Ekuma, Agantem Emmanuel; Takon, Mary Bondick; Ngwu, Faith Amarachi
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5303

Abstract

Background. Dental caries is a highly prevalent oral disease that affects approximately 100% of individuals in the society. This disease causes severe damage to the teeth. Several acidophilic bacteria are implicated in the disease. This research was done to detect bacterial agents and risk factors implicated in caries in Uyo, Nigeria. Methods. A total of 120 dental plaque samples were cultured. Vitek 2 System (bioMe´rieux) was used for biochemical characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates. Results. Several bacterial species (Thirteen) were obtained from significant culture growth of 27 (22.5%). Burkholderia cepacia group were 7(5.8%), and the most prevalent. Enterococcus faecalis 1(0.8%), Enterococcus spp (non E. faecalis) 1(0.8%), Pediococcus pentosaceus 1(0.8%), Kocuria kristinae 1(0.8%), Serratia ficaria 2(1.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 1(0.8%), Acinetobacter spp 1(0.8%) and Enterobacter cloacae ssp dissolvens 1(0.8%) were the least prevalent isolates. This study showed new bacteria species being implicated in caries, and high consumption of sugary foods being the main risk factor of caries. Conclusions. The identification of novel bacteria species in caries, and the attribution of staple foods as the lead risk factor of caries amongst dental caries patients in Uyo is a cause for alarm, as most of these people rely on carbohydrates for their daily food, as the soil of their farmlands are most favourable in yielding carbohydrate crops compared to other crops. Hence, there is need for frequent health enlightenment program, especially in the urban areas on adverse effect of frequent snacking and/or eating carbohydrates without rinsing the mouth frequently to rid it of food debris.
Co-Authors Abdulkadir, Rasheedat Abubakar, Auwal Ekuma, Agantem Emmanuel Kingsley, Victoria Intimate Ngwu, Faith Amarachi Onah, Daniel Oche Shehu, Amina Jummai Takon, Mary Bondick Udoh, Mary Athanasius Umo, Anthony Nathaniel Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle