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All Journal Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Onah, Daniel Oche
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Arts Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Engineering Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Genotypic Detection of Dominant Bacteria in Dental Caries in Uyo, Nigeria Udoh, Mary Athanasius; Onwuezobe, Ifeanyi Abraham; Abdulkadir, Rasheedat; Abubakar, Auwal; Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle; Onah, Daniel Oche
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5799

Abstract

Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent and persistent oral health challenges globally, with nearly universal incidence across populations. The disease is increasingly complicated by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a phenomenon largely driven by biofilm formation and the acquisition of resistance genes. This study aimed to identify the predominant bacterial species implicated in the etiology of dental caries in Uyo, Nigeria, and to characterize their associated antibiotic resistance genes. A total of 120 clinical samples were analyzed using the VITEK 2 Compact System (bioMérieux) for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Molecular detection of three extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes—CTX-M, TEM, and OXA—was performed via PCR using standard thermal cycling conditions on an ABI 9700 Applied Biosystems platform. Among the 27 isolates recovered, Gram-negative bacteria constituted 66.7%, with Burkholderia cepacia complex being the most prevalent (25.9%). Burkholderia cepacia exhibited high sensitivity to Amikacin and Tobramycin but showed marked resistance to Ceftazidime. Of the B. cepacia isolates, 6 (85.7%) underwent 16S rRNA sequencing, confirming their identity as Burkholderia cepacia (n=4) and Burkholderia cenocepacia (n=2). CTX-M genes were detected in all sequenced isolates (100%), while TEM genes were present in one isolate (16.7%) and OXA genes were absent. These findings underscore the potential public health threat posed by ESBL-producing B. cepacia complex strains in dental caries, highlighting the urgent need for targeted antimicrobial stewardship and enhanced surveillance in oral healthcare settings.
Effect of the Different Drying Methods on the Chemical Composition of Fluted Pumpkin Leaves (Telfairia occidentalis) Udoh, Mary Athanasius; Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga; Onah, Daniel Oche; Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle; Ijezie, Augustina Elochukwu; Umeh, Chukwunonso John-Cyril
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.7477

Abstract

Vegetables, primarily the leafy parts of edible plants, are vital sources of essential vitamins and minerals necessary for maintaining good health. Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin leaves), widely consumed among various ethnic groups in Nigeria, is a green leafy vegetable often subjected to drying for preservation and flavor enhancement. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of drying methods on the chemical composition of T. occidentalis leaves. Approximately 2.5 kg of fresh leaves were procured from Watt Market, Calabar (South-South Nigeria), sorted, and divided into three equal portions: a fresh (untreated) control, a sun-dried sample, and an oven-dried sample. After one month of drying, the samples were pulverized into flour, packaged in airtight containers, and stored in a cool, dry place. Proximate, elemental, and phytochemical analyses were conducted using standard methods. Results revealed a substantial reduction in moisture content from 83.01 ± 0.1% in the fresh sample to 22.60 ± 0.1% and 10.50 ± 0.2% in sun- and oven-dried samples, respectively, leading to increased dry matter. Enhanced concentrations of ash, crude protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrates were observed, particularly in oven-dried samples (e.g., crude protein increased from 2.80 ± 0.02% to 5.13 ± 0.01%). However, mineral content declined with drying, more significantly in oven-dried samples; sodium levels, for instance, decreased from 9.30 mg/100g (control) to 7.71 mg/100g (sun-dried) and 4.34 mg/100g (oven-dried). Additionally, anti-nutritional factors and food toxicants were significantly reduced, especially in oven-dried leaves. The findings suggest that while drying enhances certain nutritional attributes, it also compromises some mineral content. Nevertheless, drying remains a viable strategy to extend shelf life and reduce waste in the absence of refrigeration.
Co-Authors Abdulkadir, Rasheedat Abubakar, Auwal Ijezie, Augustina Elochukwu Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga Onwuezobe, Ifeanyi Abraham Udoh, Mary Athanasius Umeh, Chukwunonso John-Cyril Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle