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Modeling, Simulation, and Dynamic Analysis of Earth-Fault Detection in High-Voltage Transmission Networks Nazif, D. M.; Bal, Yakubu Barau; Muhammad, Fatima; Umar, Sadik; Abdulrahman, Aliyu
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v2i3.7236

Abstract

This paper addresses the need for accurate and timely single-line-to-ground (SLG) fault detection in high-voltage transmission systems, particularly to improve grid reliability in developing regions. The research objective is to propose and validate an integrated framework that combines modeling, simulation, and real-time implementation for SLG fault identification and location. Methodologically, a dual-unit detection scheme was developed: a MATLAB/Simulink dynamic model emulating a 132 kV transmission line under diverse fault scenarios, and a microcontroller-based hardware prototype employing voltage and current sensors interfaced with an Arduino Uno and GSM module to detect disturbances and transmit location data; experimental validation involved controlled fault injection, waveform inspection, and fault distance estimation via zero-sequence current and voltage dip analysis. Key findings show high-precision fault location with estimation errors consistently below 0.75% over a 30–300 km range, alongside fast response, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. The study concludes that the combined software–hardware architecture reliably detects and locates SLG faults. The contribution and implication are a scalable, low-cost approach to reducing fault-related outages and enhancing fault management in transmission networks.
Simulation Study of an Arduino-Driven Heart Monitoring System for Maternal Well-Being Nazif, D. M.; Umar, Sadiq; Ahmad, Muhammad Aminu; Abdullahi, Nasiru; Nghalmi, S. B.; Abdulrahman, Aliyu
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v2i3.7528

Abstract

Maternal cardiovascular health significantly influences pregnancy outcomes; however, conventional monitoring practices often depend on sporadic clinical evaluations, hindering the prompt identification of potential abnormalities. This study presents the design and simulation of a cost-effective, Arduino-based maternal heart monitoring system intended to facilitate early detection of cardiovascular irregularities during pregnancy. The system was developed using Proteus 8.15 simulation software and comprises an Arduino Uno microcontroller, a virtual heartbeat sensor, an LCD display, LED indicators, and buzzer alarms. The simulated environment replicates real-time physiological signal acquisition, processing, classification, and alert generation across various heart rate scenarios, including bradycardia, tachycardia, and normal rhythms. The system accurately classified these conditions and triggered appropriate audiovisual alerts during abnormal episodes. Signal fidelity was verified using a virtual oscilloscope, and the system reliably identified critical thresholds such as severe bradycardia (≤25 BPM) and tachycardia (≥145 BPM). These results underscore the potential of the proposed solution as an offline, low-cost monitoring tool particularly suitable for deployment in resource-constrained settings. Future research should advance this work through physical prototyping, integration with fetal monitoring systems, and empirical validation in clinical and rural contexts to assess its practical efficacy and scalability.