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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research
Waskito, Andreas Gangsar Bayu
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Limonene Extraction From Citrus Waste As An Eco-Friendly Solvent: Conventional And Non Conventional Techniques - A Review Waskito, Andreas Gangsar Bayu; Armita Sari, Pande Made Nova
Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/innovative.v5i4.21143

Abstract

Limonene is a tepenoid compound found abundantly in orange peel waste that can be used as a green solvent due to its hydrophobic or nonpolar nature to reduce the use of chemical solvents that are harmful to the environment. This study aims to review factors that support the limonene extraction process such as extraction method, temperature, power, extraction time and also solvent ratio. This article is compiled based on literature obtained from Google Scholar and Pubmed using the keywords "limonene extraction" and "citrus peel essential oil". The articles used are articles with a time span of 10 years, namely from 2015 to 2025 with inclusion criteria in the form of articles in Indonesian or English that explain the limonene extraction method in full. The extraction methods used include steam distillation, hydrodistillation, Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE), and Microwave Assisted Hydro Distillation (MAHD). The MAHD method yielded the highest limonene content of 98.416% with a sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:3 and a microwave power of 300 W for 45 minutes. The MAHD method was the most effective extraction method due to its time and process efficiency, the use of environmentally friendly solvents, and high yields.
Aktivitas Antijamur Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) dan Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma longa) terhadap Candida albicans Dewi, Ni Komang Ayu Cintia; Waskito, Andreas Gangsar Bayu; Premanadinata, I Komang Yodi; Dewi, Gusti Ayu Indah Pradnya Apsari; Avrillya, Dhea Amanda; Kusuma, Anak Agung Ayu Vivi Trysbiantari; Susila, Cokorda Istri Diah Ari Saci Prabandari; Ujam, Nonye Treasure; Leliqia, Ni Putu Eka; Ariantari, Ni Putu
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i2.12917

Abstract

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common and painful multifactorial inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa, with a global prevalence of 20% and of 8% in Indonesia. The resulting open mucosal ulcerations facilitate opportunistic Candida albicans infection. The current increase in antifungal resistance of up to 40% has prompted research for alternative natural ingredients for safer and more effective treatments.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanolic extracts of cinnamon bark and turmeric, both individually and in combination, against C. albicans.Methods: The extracts were obtained through a maceration method with 96% ethanol, and their phytochemical content was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. For the antifungal assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were determined using a microdilution test, while the effect of the extract combination was evaluated using a checkerboard microdilution method.Results: LC-MS/MS analysis tentatively identified ar-turmerone, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and curcumin in turmeric extract, while cinnamon bark extract contained nitrogen-containing compounds. Turmeric extract showed stronger antifungal activity, with MIC and MFC values of 1,000 µg/mL, while cinnamon bark extract showed MIC and MFC values of 2,000 and >8,000 µg/mL, respectively. The combination of the two extracts led to a stronger inhibitory activity than each extract, resulting in an FICI of 0.14, indicating a synergistic effect.Conclusions: These findings suggested that the combined treatment suppressed fungal growth at much lower concentrations, indicating a strong synergistic interaction between turmeric and cinnamon bark extracts with potential as a natural antifungal agent against C. albicans.
Co-Authors Avrillya, Dhea Amanda Dewi, Gusti Ayu Indah Pradnya Apsari Dewi, Ni Komang Ayu Cintia Kusuma, Anak Agung Ayu Vivi Trysbiantari Ni Putu Ariantari Ni Putu Eka Leliqia Pande Made Nova Armita Sari, Pande Made Nova Premanadinata, I Komang Yodi Susila, Cokorda Istri Diah Ari Saci Prabandari Ujam, Nonye Treasure