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Assessment of Safe Loading Conditions for the SPCB Deck Crane Using Hydrostatic and GZ Curve Analysis Santoso, Budhi; Romadhoni, Romadhoni -; Nasution, Polaris; Hardiyanto, Hardiyanto; Ariany, Zulfaidah
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol 10, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v10i2.22862

Abstract

This study comprehensively assesses safe loading conditions for the Self-Propelled Crane Barge (SPCB) Deck Crane by integrating detailed hydrostatic calculations with righting-arm (GZ) curve analysis. At the designated summer draft of 2.75 m, baseline parameters—displacement (1 716 t), centre of buoyancy (KB = 0.765 m), transverse metacentre (KM = 2.780 m), and metacentric height (GM = 1.23 m)—were established from the vessel’s stability booklet. Four loading scenarios (lightship, full ballast, crane at maximum outreach, and cargo distribution) were defined, with updated displacement and vertical centre of gravity (KG) values used to recompute hydrostatic parameters (BM, KM, free-surface corrections) and generate full GZ curves. Intact-stability criteria (GM ≥ 0.15 m, area under GZ curve ≥ 0.08 m·rad, angle of vanishing stability ≥ 25°, and GZmax ≥ 0.25 m) were evaluated for each case. Results indicate that the ballast condition yields the highest stiffness (GM ≈ 1.50 m) and energy absorption (AUC ≈ 1.15 m·rad). The crane-outreach scenario represents the narrowest margin (GM ≈ 0.90 m, AUC ≈ 0.60 m·rad). A safe-loading envelope was developed, showing permissible crane loads of up to 100 t at 10 m outreach and limiting lifts beyond 20 m to 50 t or less. Mitigation measures—ballast management, outreach/load restrictions, optimized cargo stowage, and real-time monitoring—are recommended to ensure regulatory compliance and operational safety.
Numerical Evaluation of Post-Deck-Flooding IMO Criteria for a Low-Freeboard Harbor Tugboat Romadhoni, Romadhoni; Santoso, Budhi; Nasution, Polaris
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol 10, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v10i2.22909

Abstract

Abstract¾ Low-freeboard harbour tugboats often work in quartering seas where a single boarding wave can leave water sloshing on deck and erode their transverse stability. This paper evaluates how much of that erosion a 28 m tug can tolerate before it breaks the intact-stability limits of IMO MSC 267(85). Using only the vessel’s trim-and-stability booklet, the study superimposes thin sheets of retained water—0 to 0.35 m deep, with drainage coefficients κ = 0.50–0.90—on three loading states: fully laden, half-load and lightship. For every depth and κ pair the corrected righting-arm curve, metacentric height and righting-area reserves are recomputed; a limiting-KG curve and a κ–depth PASS/FAIL heat-map are then produced, and wave data from BMKG (2020–2024) are used to estimate the yearly probability of exceeding the IMO limits. Calculations show that in the full-departure condition the first IMO criterion fails when only 0.12 m of water is trapped at κ = 0.70, whereas the threshold rises to 0.24 m at half-load and 0.31 m in lightship. Lowering κ to 0.55—achievable by higher bulwarks or larger freeing ports—moves the failure boundary rightward by nearly 50 % and cuts the annual exceedance probability below 10⁻³.