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All Journal Makara Journal of Science Makara Journal of Technology
Nur Tajalla, Gusti Umindya
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Effect of Sorbitol Plasticizer on Bioplastics Properties Based on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) and Jackfruit Seed Starch Sasria, Nia; Afifah, Vita Nur; Nur Tajalla, Gusti Umindya
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

In bioplastics, natural materials that are easily decomposed are used to minimize plastic waste. In this research, the compositions used were cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), jackfruit seed starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a filler with sorbitol as a plasticizer. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a sorbitol plasticizer on bioplastic properties. The study began by extracting jackfruit seed starch and OPEFB cellulose. Subsequently, bioplastics were prepared by varying sorbitol, namely 0 (S – 0), 0.5 mL (S – 0.5), 1 mL (S – 1), and 1.5 ml (S – 1.5), with CMC 20%. As a result, the S – 0 variation showed the highest water resistance at 43.44%. The highest biodegradation test was in the S – 1.5 variation of 48.54% for 6 days in the soil media. The SEM test found voids in the S – 1.5 sample. Next, the best tensile strength test in the S – 0 variation was 5.44 MPa, while the S – 1.5 variation had the optimum elongation value at 13.54%. Overall, the nature of resistance to water and tensile strength were directly proportional. However, these two samples were inversely proportional to biodegradation and elongation. Meanwhile, the characteristics of biodegradation and elongation were directly compared.
Effect of Contact Time and Concentration on Adsorption of Pb2+Metal Ion Utilizing Crab Shell Chitosan and Activated Bentonite Clay Composite Sasria, Nia; Wisaka, Adi; Yusariarta Putra Parmita, Ade Wahyu; Nur Tajalla, Gusti Umindya
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 29, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Indonesia produced 1,508 tons of nonliving crabs in the January–March 2020 period. The number of shells generated can account for 40%–60% of the overall weight. Therefore, using crab shells made into chitosan is expected to increase the economic value and reduce waste from crab shells. Chitosan can be modified with clay previously activated with an acid solution to form a chitosan–clay composite to improve the adsorption capacity. This study aims to analyze the differences in characteristics between chitosan and clay before and after the immobilization process. A comparison of chitosan and clay (1:2) is conducted on the basis of variations in the contact time for 5, 30, 55, and 80 min and in the concentration of metal solution as much as 10, 30, and 50 ppm. The results of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study found stretching vibrations of –NH originating from the chitosan structure, as well as several functional groups from clay, such as silanol (Si–OH) and siloxane (Si–O–Si). The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) test show that the clay used was bentonite clay. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface area analyzer (SAA) test results show that the chitosan–clay adsorbent has a rougher and hollower surface with a surface area of 23,666 m2/g. The best adsorption percentage of 90.59% occurred at a concentration of 10 ppm with a contact time of 30 min.
Co-Authors Afifah, Vita Nur Sasria, Nia Wisaka, Adi Yusariarta Putra Parmita, Ade Wahyu