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All Journal Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Payomthip, Panida
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Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Analysis of Liquid Smoke Grade Characteristics from Coconut Shells and Palm Kernel Shell Waste Through a Slow Pyrolysis Process Afrah, Bazlina Dawami; Riady, M. Ihsan; Payomthip, Panida; Ramadhanty, Rizky Vasya; Rizki, Fadhilah; Alfayyadh, Muhammad Luthfi
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.4.10

Abstract

This research was motivated by the abundance of biomass plantations in Indonesia. Accumulated biomass waste will cause environmental problems. Biomass processing can resolve this issue, by producing functionally and economically valuable products. The purpose of this research was to increase the value of biomass by processing it as liquid smoke through pyrolysis and then proceeding to the purification stage. The purification method applied in this research was a combination of distillation and adsorption processes using natural zeolite. The variables of this research were: two types of biomass, namely coconut shells and palm kernel shells, and liquid smoke grade variations. The analysis parameters were: pH, viscosity, density, acid content, and phenol analysis as well as GC-MS. The characteristics analysis results showed that all liquid smoke samples met the Japanese liquid smoke standard. Based on pH, acid, and phenol analysis, the liquid smoke from the coconut shells sample had better quality compared to the liquid smoke from palm kernel shells, namely with pH 2.36, acid content 0.26 mg/mL, and phenol 2,368.75 ppm. The GC-MS test results indicated that grade-1 liquid smoke from both samples contained antibacterial compounds, such as phosphonic acid, formic acid, and carbamic acid, which have the potential to inhibit bacterial growth.
Analysis of the potential of rare earth elements in acid mine drainage and sedimentation pond sludge Afrah, Bazlina Dawami; Iqbal, Muhammad; Payomthip, Panida; Farand, Muhammad Geo; Syabil, M. Ibnus
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10569

Abstract

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) generated by coal mining is commonly regarded as an environmental liability, yet it may also serve as a secondary source of Rare Earth Elements (REEs). This study evaluated the distribution, classification, and recovery potential of REEs in AMD water and sedimentation pond sludge from a coal mining area in South Sumatera, Indonesia. Four AMD water samples were collected from different mine pits, while two sludge samples were obtained from the inlet and outlet of a sedimentation pond. REEs concentrations were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry, and recovery potential was assessed using the Outlook Coefficient and the relative proportion of critical REEs. The results showed that REEs concentrations in AMD water were low, ranging from 0.0005 to 0.449 ppm, with PIT 1 exhibiting the highest concentration under strongly acidic conditions. However, sludge samples exhibited considerable REEs enrichment with total concentrations of 178.13 ppm and 59.09 ppm at the inlet and outlet of the sedimentation pond, respectively. The preliminary outlook analysis showed low potential for direct recovery of REEs from AMD water, but sedimentation pond sludge, especially at the outlet, showed a promising outlook due to its combined high total REEs concentration and high critical content. This study showed that REEs can be recovered and concentrated in solid phases of AMD treatment systems. In addition, the sludge was a more viable and environmentally friendly secondary source.
Co-Authors Alfayyadh, Muhammad Luthfi Bazlina Dawami Afrah Farand, Muhammad Geo Muhammad Iqbal Ramadhanty, Rizky Vasya Riady, M.I. Rizki, Fadhilah Syabil, M. Ibnus