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Riri Jonuarti
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Physics Social Sciences Other

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Synthesis and Characterization of Sio₂ Thin Films Derived from Rice Husk Ash Coated with Cuo: Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity through Methylene Blue Degradation Afra Hayyunnisa; Riri Jonuarti; Yenni Darvina; Fadhila Ulfa Jhora
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11559

Abstract

Water pollution caused by synthetic dye effluents that resist natural degradation has intensified the need for stable and environmentally sustainable photocatalytic materials. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize bilayer SiO₂/CuO thin films using silica extracted from rice husk ash (RHA) and to evaluate their photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation. Silica was extracted from agricultural RHA, activated with 1 M HCl, fabricated into thin films through sol–gel and spin-coating techniques, and thermally annealed at 300 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous structure of silica, indicated by a broad diffraction hump centered at 2θ ≈ 22°, and the formation of monoclinic CuO crystalline phases in the bilayer films. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy showed that the pure SiO₂ film had a smooth morphology and a thickness of 3.507 µm, whereas the bilayer SiO₂/CuO film had a total thickness of 5.444 µm and exhibited a distinct porous upper layer comprising accumulated CuO grains deposited on the smooth SiO₂ base layer. Under UV-A irradiation, MB absorbance at λ = 664 nm decreased continuously, resulting in a degradation efficiency of 12.13% after 180 min. The degradation process closely followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a rate constant of 7.33 × 10⁻⁴ min⁻¹ and R² = 0.985. These findings demonstrate that biomass-derived silica from RHA can function as a supporting matrix for anchoring photocatalytically active CuO granular structures. This study contributes to the sustainable utilization of agricultural waste and provides a foundation for the further development of biomass-derived thin-film photocatalysts for synthetic dye degradation.
Effect of Bioreductant–Precursor Ratio on the Physical Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Synthesis Using Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.) Extracts Andini Khairi Alena; Riri Jonuarti; Leni Aziyus Fitri; Eka Susanti
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11560

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts offers an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional synthesis methods; however, the influence of the bioreductant-to-precursor ratio in dual-bioreductant systems on the physical characteristics of AgNPs remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of different bioreductant-to-precursor ratios on the physical characteristics of AgNPs synthesized using combined lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and betel leaf (Piper betle L.) extracts. AgNPs were synthesized at bioreductant-to-precursor ratios of 1:9, 2:8, and 3:7 and characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and particle size analysis (PSA). UV–Visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs through the appearance of surface plasmon resonance peaks across all ratio variations. The 1:9 ratio exhibited the strongest optical characteristics, with a maximum absorption wavelength of 423 nm and the highest absorbance value of 2.165. XRD analysis verified the formation of AgNPs with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure and average crystallite sizes ranging from 18.45 to 23.80 nm. PSA results showed hydrodynamic particle diameters ranging from 38.3 to 137.7 nm and polydispersity index values of 0.096–0.306. An integrated evaluation of the characterization results identified the 1:9 ratio as the optimum synthesis condition because it produced the best balance between smaller particle size and higher surface plasmon resonance intensity. Nevertheless, the 2:8 ratio yielded the most homogeneous particle size distribution, as indicated by the lowest polydispersity index. These findings demonstrate that the bioreductant-to-precursor ratio critically influences the optical, structural, and particle-size characteristics of AgNPs. This study contributes to the optimization of environmentally sustainable AgNP synthesis using complementary plant-derived bioreductants.
The Effect of Lemongrass Leaf and Betel Leaf Extract Ratio Variations on the Optical Characteristics and Crystal Structure of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Synthesis Nirmala Rahima Suci; Riri Jonuarti; Leni Aziyus Fitri; Fandi Oktasendra
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11561

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) provides an environmentally sustainable approach by utilizing plant-derived bioactive compounds as reducing and stabilizing agents. The combination of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and betel leaf (Piper betle L.) extracts may enhance AgNP formation because both contain flavonoids, phenolic compounds, citral, eugenol, and other secondary metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different lemongrass-to-betel leaf extract ratios on the physical characteristics of AgNPs synthesized through a green synthesis method. AgNPs were prepared using extract ratios of 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3 and characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis (PSA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV–Visible spectroscopy confirmed AgNP formation through surface plasmon resonance absorption bands in all samples, with maximum wavelengths of 419, 444, and 398 nm and absorbance values of 1.98, 1.98, and 2.47 for the 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3 ratios, respectively. PSA showed average particle sizes of 39.1 ± 0.9 nm, 59.7 ± 16.1 nm, and 47.2 ± 4.6 nm, with the smallest particle size obtained at the 1:1 ratio. XRD analysis confirmed that all samples possessed a face-centered cubic crystalline structure, with average crystallite sizes of 16.72 nm for the 1:1 ratio, 14.72 nm for the 3:1 ratio, and 9.37 nm for the 1:3 ratio. These findings demonstrate that variations in the composition of the dual-bioreductant system influence the optical properties, particle size, and crystallite size of the synthesized AgNPs. The 1:1 ratio produced the smallest hydrodynamic particle size, whereas the 1:3 ratio yielded the highest absorbance and smallest crystallite size. This study contributes to the optimization of plant-mediated AgNP synthesis by demonstrating that the relative composition of lemongrass and betel leaf extracts is a critical parameter for controlling nanoparticle characteristics.
Co-Authors Afra Hayyunnisa Andini Khairi Alena Eka susanti Fadhila Ulfa Jhora Fandi Oktasendra Leni Aziyus Fitri Nirmala Rahima Suci Yenni Darvina