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All Journal Pembaharuan Hukum Hang Tuah Law Journal
Limbong, Linsepda
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Legal Protection Framework and Bankruptcy Risk Management: A Case Study of the Merah Putih Cooperative Marpaung, Leony Ghuusbertha; Parengkuan, Deisiree Maria Rosario; Limbong, Linsepda
Hang Tuah Law Journal VOLUME 9 ISSUE 2, OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hang Tuah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30649/htlj.v9i1.317

Abstract

This study explores the legal protection of members of the Merah Putih Cooperative in Indonesia, focusing on the risks of losses that could lead to bankruptcy. The research problem lies in the inconsistency between the social character of cooperatives and the bankruptcy legal framework. Using a doctrinal legal analysis of Law Number 25 of 1992 on Cooperatives and Law Number 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and PKPU, the study identifies a gap in the legal provisions regarding the status of cooperative members in the bankruptcy process. Specifically, cooperative members, who are both owners and service users, lack clear legal standing as creditors, which exposes them to the loss of savings and economic rights. The study also finds that the principles of kinship, justice, and shared responsibility in cooperatives are not adequately integrated with the formalistic and corporatist approach of bankruptcy law. The study concludes that reformulating legal policies is necessary to accommodate the unique characteristics of cooperatives within the bankruptcy legal system. This includes recognizing the legal status of members and developing deposit protection mechanisms, ensuring a more just and responsive legal framework for the people’s economy.
Legal Protection for Consumers Against Digital Black Campaign Practices in the Skincare Industry in Indonesia Limbong, Linsepda; Kongres, Evi
Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum Vol 12, No 3 (2025): Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum
Publisher : UNISSULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/jph.v12i3.48742

Abstract

Black campaign practices in Indonesia’s skincare industry pose a serious threat to consumers, especially in today’s digital landscape where information spreads rapidly through social media, influencers, and anonymous accounts. These practices often involve false claims about product safety or effectiveness, manipulated reviews, and paid endorsements disguised as genuine testimonials. The impact includes misinformation, economic losses, and potential health risks. Indonesia has a relatively comprehensive legal framework, including the Consumer Protection Law (Law Number 8 of 1999), the ITE Law, the Anti-Monopoly Law, and BPOM Regulation Number 18 of 2024. However, overlapping institutional authority, difficulties in proving digital violations, and low consumer legal awareness hinder effective enforcement. Current efforts, such as BPOM’s revocation of distribution permits and consumer education by BPKN and YLKI, are positive but inadequate in addressing the complexity of black campaigns. This research uses a normative-juridical approach to analyze the legal framework, identify regulatory and enforcement gaps, and propose strategic measures. These include strengthening regulations, establishing an integrated complaint mechanism, enhancing digital forensic capabilities, and improving consumer literacy. The findings highlight the need for a comprehensive normative and conceptual strategy supported by regulations, oversight bodies, and digital awareness to create a fair and transparent skincare market in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Evi Kongres Marpaung, Leony Ghuusbertha Parengkuan, Deisiree Maria Rosario