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All Journal JEEMECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering, Mechatronic and Computer Science) Academia Open
Akmaludin, Mohammad
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Optimization of DC Motor PID Control Using the Ziegler–Nichols Method with Encoder and Op-Amp (Lm324): Optimasi Kontrol PID Motor DC Menggunakan Metode Ziegler–Nichols Dengan Encoder Dan Op-Amp (Lm324) Syahrorini, Syamsudduha; Akmaludin, Mohammad; Mubarok, Mohammad Syahrul; Anggorowati, Adriana Anteng
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12875

Abstract

Design and optimization of PID controller for Arduino Uno-based DC motor with encoder feedback and signal conditioning using LM324 op-amp. The method used is Ziegler–Nichols (ZN) to obtain the initial parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd from the measurement of ultimate gain (Ku) and oscillation period (Pu). The plant model uses a digital implementation of a DC motor including anti-windup, first-order filtered derivatives, and PWM voltage limiting. The test data in the form of step response, disturbance rejection, and sensitivity to noise are analyzed using rise time, overshoot, settling time, IAE, and ISE indicators. The analysis results of Ku≈11.3 and Pu≈0.3 s produce Kp≈6.80, Ki≈45.31, Kd≈0.25, with fast response and acceptable overshoot; fine-tuning reduces oscillation and accelerates steady-state time. The conclusion is that the LM324 encoder improves feedback accuracy, while ZN is effective as a starting point for tuning for stable and robust performance. Highlights: Accurate tuning using Ziegler–Nichols method provides effective initial PID parameters. LM324 signal conditioning enhances encoder feedback precision. Optimized response achieves fast rise time with minimal overshoot and stable steady-state. Keywords: PID, Ziegler–Nichols, motor DC, encoder, LM324
The Comparative analysis of the use of DC motor loads or using inverters and AC motors. jamaaluddin, jamaaluddin; DA, Shazana; Darmansyah; Tsaalits, Askharina Aulia; Anshory, Izza; Akmaludin, Mohammad
JEEMECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering, Mechatronic and Computer Science) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : University of Merdeka Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26905/jeemecs.v9i1.15908

Abstract

The transition to renewable energy is a global effort to combat climate change and provide sustainable energy. One of the technologies that is developing is the use of solar power plants (SPP), which are capable of providing clean and environmentally friendly energy. This study aims to analyse the performance of the PLTS system in operating two types of electric motors, namely DC (Direct Current) motors and AC (Alternating Current) motors, with the assistance of an inverter. The experiment was conducted using an off-grid PV system with batteries and a solar charge controller (SCC). Measurements were taken of the voltage, current, and power of each system. The results showed that the AC motor produced greater power (86.3 W) after passing through the inverter compared to the DC motor, which only produced 18.4 W. This study provides insights into selecting the appropriate motor type for solar power systems to ensure efficiency and support SDG 7 targets.
Co-Authors Adriana Anteng Anggorowati DA, Shazana Darmansyah Izza Anshory Jamaaluddin Mubarok, Mohammad Syahrul Syahrorini, Syamsudduha Tsaalits, Askharina Aulia