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All Journal Indonesian Geotechnical Journal PRESUNIVE CIVIL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Sudjatmiko, Eddy Triyanto
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Arts Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences

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Adhesion Factor (α) of Drilled Piles in Clay Shale with Static and Dynamic Load Sudjatmiko, Eddy Triyanto; The Cin Hok
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 5, No. 1, April 2026
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v5i1.146

Abstract

Adhesion factor (α) is one of the significant parameters in calculating the bearing capacity of pile foundations, both for driven piles and bored piles in clay soils. In practice, the α value is usually estimated based on the available empirical correlations. The applicability of this correlation for bored pile installed in expansive soil and clay shale is questionable. Clay shale is known as one of the problematic soils, due to its physical properties that rapidly soften once exposed to water/moisture and loss of pressure. This physical sensitivity becomes crucial in bored pile constructions. Especially in the drilling and casting process as the soil is exposed to water and loss of horizontal pressure causing reduction in soil shear strength. This study investigates the load transfer behavior of a bored pile installed in clay shale formation. The pile, instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges, was axially loaded through dynamic and static load test up to 700 tons. The strain gauges provide accurate strain measurement of each pile segment, proportional to the stress induced. Through the pile load-settlement, t-z and q-z curves, the load transfer mechanism and interaction between bored pile and the clay shale soil can be analyzed. By performing back analysis, the actual skin friction (fs), and adhesion factor (α), of bored piles in clay shale can be determined. The results show that in clay shale that have experienced slaking (30 < NSPT < 70), the adhesion factor (α) = 0.12~0.18. While for fresh clay shale (NSPT > 70), the adhesion factor (α) = 0.32~0.35. These values are significantly lower than α = 0.55 which is usually applied in practice; as well as some previous studies, including the value recommended by Reese and Wright (1979).
Expansive Soil Shear Strength Improvement using Hydrated Lime : Direct Shear Analysis Sanggam, Yoel Kevinmorgan; Sudjatmiko, Eddy Triyanto; Darmiyanti, Lydia
PRESUNIVE CIVIL ENGINEERING JOURNAL Vol 4, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : President University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33021/pcej.v4i1.6571

Abstract

Low shear force in expansive soil caused landslide, crack, and damage to construction. Successful treatment of expansive clay will increase its shear strength and improve its soil properties, making the soil less susceptible to deform thus making construction can be done without the need to replace the expansive soil. This study aims to quantify the effect of adding hydrated lime,  to the Karawang's expansive clay soil, especially its effect on increasing the shear strength of the soil. Laboratory test was consists of sieve analysis; Atterberg limit test, soil classification, and direct shear test was performed on untreated soil and soil treated with 5% of hydrated lime. The study results shows that addition of 5% hydrated lime to expansive clay can significantly improve its Atterberg limit and shear strength. The cohesion,  value of brown clay increases from 6.49 kPa to 61.43 kPa while for grey clay from 22.49 kPa to 55.49 kPa. The internal friction angle,  of treated clay are also improved significantly, from 15.07° to 28.30° for the brown clay and gray clay increase from 18.75° to 24.97°. This experiment proved that soil treated with lime is able to improve the shear stress of expansive soil especially expansive clay, making it a practical and viable alternative to soil replacement by backfilling expansive clay. 
Co-Authors Alifia, Shilan Nazwa Amalia, Intan Dian Amanda, Sely Audi B.M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara Bali, Ika Darmiyanti, Lydia Geovenerdy, Ravelino Hafizh Hairunnisa, Arsila Irianto, Emilia Arista Maruddhany, Rhystya Atysya Nugraha, Bimantara Putra prihartono prihartono Sanggam, Yoel Kevinmorgan The Cin Hok Titarsole, Daniel Khen Wisan, Nathanael Edward