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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Journal La Edusci Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Abrahamic Religions: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN)
Rafiqi, Fathan
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Religion Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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Learning Outcomes on Intercultural Competence among Indonesian Exchange Students Rafiqi, Fathan; Maksum, Ali
Journal La Edusci Vol. 6 No. 5 (2025): Journal La Edusci
Publisher : Newinera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37899/journallaedusci.v6i5.2649

Abstract

This study explores the development of intercultural competence (ICC) among Indonesian exchange students in South Korea and the United States, focusing on their experiences of cultural adaptation and the development of key intercultural skills. Employing a qualitative research design, the study utilized semi-structured interviews with 20 Indonesian students to investigate how they navigated cultural differences and adapted to new environments. The results identify three key dimensions of ICC: emotional sensitivity, cultural awareness, and intercultural adaptability. Emotional sensitivity was crucial for managing culture shock and emotional adaptation to the host culture. Cultural awareness, which involved recognizing and understanding cultural differences, enabled students to adjust their perceptions and behaviors. Intercultural adaptability, the ability to modify communication styles and social practices, was essential for effective engagement in both academic and social settings. The study contributes to the existing body of literature on international student experiences by providing insights into the specific challenges faced by Indonesian students and offering practical recommendations for improving support systems to foster intercultural competence. The findings highlight the dynamic nature of ICC as a process that evolves through emotional, cognitive, and behavioral adjustments. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of intercultural experiences on students' personal and professional lives, as well as the role of cultural contexts in shaping ICC development.
Law as Strategy: The Weaponization of Trade Dispute Mechanisms in Sino-Western Relations Rafiqi, Fathan; Maksum, Ali
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v6i1.48372

Abstract

This article investigates the transformation of international trade law into a strategic instrument of geopolitical contestation, focusing on the legal rivalry between China and Western countries. Employing Lawfare Theory and Legal Realism, the study adopts an interdisciplinary method combining legal doctrine, international relations theories, and empirical case studies from WTO and ISDS mechanisms. The findings reveal that legal platforms originally designed for neutral dispute resolution have been repurposed as tools of statecraft. China’s increased legal engagement post-2018 signals a shift toward strategic legalism, where litigation serves as foreign policy. Meanwhile, the United States exercises unilateral legal strategies, undermining multilateral institutions. These actions reflect a broader erosion of legal neutrality, leading to procedural asymmetries that disadvantage Global South countries. The article concludes that without institutional reform and renewed global commitment to procedural justice, international legal mechanisms risk becoming arenas of symbolic dominance rather than fair adjudication. This trend challenges the foundational purpose of international law as a stabilizing force and invites critical reevaluation of legal norms amid a multipolar world order.
Religious Diplomacy and Child Marriage: The Role of Transnational Faith Based Institutions Rafiqi, Fathan; Hastira, Muhammad Fajhriyadi; Maksum, Ali
Abrahamic Religions: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Studi Agama-Agama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/arj.v6i1.32298

Abstract

This study examines the role of religious diplomacy in addressing child marriage by analyzing the strategies of three transnational religious institutions: the Holy See, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and the World Council of Churches. Using a systematic literature review method, 1,656 articles from the Scopus database were screened and analyzed through content and comparative analysis. The research investigates how these institutions influence the formation of international norms on child protection. Findings show that the Holy See utilizes formal moral diplomacy rooted in conservative family values, the World Council of Churches employs progressive campaigns grounded in gender justice and grassroots networks, while the Organization of Islamic Cooperation remains passive due to internal legal and political fragmentation. Key differentiators in effectiveness include theological flexibility, institutional authority, digital engagement, and commitment to international child rights frameworks. The study concludes that religious institutions can function as norm entrepreneurs shaping global child protection discourse. It highlights the need for inclusive, faith-based advocacy aligned with universal human rights, and recommends further research on collaborative efforts between religious actors and states. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of how religious diplomacy intersects with global justice, especially in contested moral arenas like child marriage
De-Westernization and Indonesia's Hedging Strategy in the Global South Forum: Constructivist and Neorealist Perspectives Rafiqi, Fathan; maksum, Ali
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/fetrian.8.1.32-70.2026

Abstract

This article critically examines Indonesia’s hedging strategy amid the ongoing transformation of the global order, focusing particularly on its engagement with Global South platforms such as BRICS+, the Non-Aligned Movement, and South-South cooperation forums. Adopting an integrated theoretical approach that combines constructivist and neorealist perspectives, the study investigates how Indonesia simultaneously projects a postcolonial, pluralist identity while engaging in pragmatic alignments with both Western and non-Western powers. The research employs critical discourse analysis to assess official diplomatic statements, policy texts, and multilateral positioning, uncovering a hybrid diplomatic strategy characterized by normative performance and structural adaptability. Indonesia’s ambidextrous behavior balancing identity-based commitments with strategic flexibility exemplifies the complex navigation of middle powers in a multipolar, post-hegemonic era. This dual logic reflects not only Indonesia’s historical legacies and normative aspirations but also its calculated efforts to buffer against systemic uncertainty and preserve foreign policy autonomy. The study offers a novel theoretical synthesis by bridging ideational and materialist analyses to explain Indonesia’s diplomatic conduct within a reconfiguring global architecture. In doing so, it contributes to broader debates on middle-power diplomacy, Global South agency, and the epistemic diversification of international relations theory, while offering empirically grounded insights into the evolving role of non-Western actors in global governance reform.
Co-Authors Ali Maksum Hastira, Muhammad Fajhriyadi