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All Journal Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology (JMGCB)
Obeed, Ameer Najy
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Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOME ALTERATIONS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA DEVELOPMENT IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS: A CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY FROM IRAQ Obeed, Ameer Najy
Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025): Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jmgcb.v2i12.1587

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relationship between gut microbiome composition and the development of HCC in Iraqi patients with chronic HBV infection. Method: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted involving 150 participants divided into three groups: HBV with HCC (n=60), HBV without HCC (n=60), and healthy controls (n=30). Clinical, biochemical, and microbiome data (16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples) were collected. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, chi-square, and Pearson correlation.  Results:  Patients with HCC exhibited significant dysbiosis, characterized by decreased microbial diversity (Shannon index: 2.8 ± 0.4) compared to HBV-only (3.6 ± 0.5) and controls (4.1 ± 0.3), p<0.001. Increased abundance of Bacteroides fragilis and Enterobacteriaceae correlated with higher AFP levels (r=0.63, p<0.001).  Novelty: Gut microbiome alterations are associated with HCC development in chronic HBV patients. These findings suggest potential microbiome-based biomarkers for early detection and therapeutic strategies.
GENETIC MUTATIONS IN INFLUENZA VIRUS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ANTIVIRAL TREATMENTS: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS Obeed, Ameer Najy; Aziz, Zainab Nadhum; Al-Waeli, Jaafar Hamid Jaafar
Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jmgcb.v3i1.1589

Abstract

Objective: This study synthesizes recent evidence (2020–2025) to evaluate key influenza virus mutations associated with resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir) and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors (baloxavir), and to assess their implications for antiviral efficacy. Method: A structured literature analysis was conducted by integrating global surveillance reports and peer-reviewed studies, summarizing mutation frequencies and resistance patterns, supported by descriptive statistical tabulation and simulated trend visualization. Results: The findings indicate that canonical neuraminidase resistance mutations such as H275Y, R292K, and N295S remain rare, generally occurring at <1% prevalence across most surveillance datasets, although localized increases in PA-I38 substitutions associated with reduced baloxavir susceptibility have emerged in specific regions. The theoretical impact assessment suggests that resistance-linked mutations primarily reduce clinical effectiveness in post-treatment isolates and in severe or immunocompromised cases. Novelty: This work provides an updated synthesis of post-pandemic influenza antiviral resistance trends and highlights the growing relevance of PA-I38 variants, underscoring the need for continuous genomic surveillance and the development of next-generation antiviral strategies that target highly conserved viral functions.
RESPIRATORY ADENOVIRUS INFECTIONS IN IRAQ (2020–2025): EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR OVERVIEW Obeed, Ameer Najy; Wetwet, Nadhema Bahaa; Kareem, Baneen Maan
Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jmgcb.v3i1.1599

Abstract

Objective: This study provides an updated assessment of respiratory adenovirus infections in Iraq from 2020 to 2025 by examining national trends in incidence, demographic distribution, and circulating viral strains. Method: Data were collected from multiple medical centers and health institutions across Iraq, and patient samples were analyzed using molecular diagnostic techniques, including PCR-based detection and genotyping, to identify prevalent adenovirus types. Epidemiological indicators were evaluated to determine infection patterns among different age groups. Results: The findings reveal a gradual increase in reported respiratory adenovirus cases over the study period, with the highest incidence occurring among young children and older adults. Molecular analysis identified human adenovirus types 3, 7, and 14 as the most frequently detected variants, reflecting their continued circulation and clinical relevance. Novelty: This research provides one of the most recent national overviews of adenovirus activity in Iraq, integrating multicenter epidemiological data with molecular characterization to highlight emerging trends and strain distribution, underscoring the need for strengthened surveillance and expanded diagnostic capacity.
Co-Authors Al-Waeli, Jaafar Hamid Jaafar Aziz, Zainab Nadhum Kareem, Baneen Maan Wetwet, Nadhema Bahaa