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The ‘Untreatable’ Fear: A Mixed-Methods Study on the Psychosocial Burden and Catastrophic Cognition in Patients Diagnosed with Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae Felicia Sari; Muhammad Yusuf; Mahmood Abbas; Nadia Khoirina; Wisnu Wardhana Putra; Abdullah Assagaf
Scientia Psychiatrica Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Scientia Psychiatrica
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/scipsy.v6i2.195

Introduction: The global emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae threatens a return to the pre-antibiotic era. While the microbiological resistance mechanisms are well-documented, the psychopathological sequelae of being diagnosed with a potentially incurable sexually transmitted infection remain underexplored. This study aims to assess the psychosocial burden and catastrophic cognition in patients with MDR N. gonorrhoeae compared to those with drug-susceptible strains. Methods: We employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. A sample of 200 patients (100 MDR vs. 100 Susceptible) was recruited based on an a priori power analysis to ensure sufficient sensitivity for detecting medium effect sizes. Participants completed the adapted Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Subsequently, 20 MDR-positive participants underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews analyzed via Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: The MDR group exhibited significantly higher mean scores for catastrophic thinking (PCS: 38.4 versus 14.2, p<0.001), anxiety (GAD-7: 16.5 versus 8.1, p<0.001), and depression (PHQ-9: 14.8 versus 6.5, p<0.001). The adapted PCS showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s a= 0.94). Qualitative analysis revealed core themes of stigma ("The Leper of the Modern Age") and systemic fear ("The Ticking Time Bomb"). Conclusion: A diagnosis of MDR N. gonorrhoeae precipitates a unique and severe psychological syndrome characterized by high catastrophizing and psychosocial distress. Integrated psychiatric care and cognitive behavioral interventions are essential components of the clinical management for this demographic.

Elevated IL-6 and TNF-α Associated with Treatment-Resistant Depression in Virally Suppressed HIV Patients: A Cross-Sectional Biomarker Study Wisnu Wardhana Putra; Muhammad Yusuf; Mahmood Abbas; Nadia Khoirina; Felicia Sari; Abdullah Assagaf
Scientia Psychiatrica Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): Scientia Psychiatrica
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/scipsy.v6i3.196

Introduction: Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), major depressive disorder (MDD) remains highly prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH). A subset of these patients develops treatment-resistant depression (TRD), creating a significant clinical burden. The "cytokine hypothesis" proposes that residual immune activation drives this resistance. This study aimed to evaluate whether serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) constitute a distinct biological signature of TRD, independent of viral load and smoking status. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study (N=120) between January 2023 and June 2025. Participants were virally suppressed HIV-positive individuals stratified into three groups (n=40 each): (1) TRD (non-response > 2 antidepressants); (2) Treatment-responsive depression (T-Resp); and (3) Non-depressed controls (NDC). Smoking status (pack-years) was quantified. Cytokines were measured via high-sensitivity ELISA. Data were normalized using Log-10 transformation. We employed ANCOVA (adjusting for age, BMI, and smoking) and multivariate logistic regression to assess associations. Results: The TRD group exhibited significantly higher serum IL-6 and TNF-α compared to the T-Resp and NDC groups (p < 0.001). Although smoking prevalence was higher in the TRD group (45%), ANCOVA confirmed that depression status remained significantly associated with elevated cytokines after adjusting for smoking (F(2,116) = 42.5, p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified IL-6 as a robust correlate of TRD (Adjusted OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.45–3.18) with no multicollinearity (VIF=1.32). ROC analysis indicated high diagnostic accuracy for IL-6 (AUC=0.88). Conclusion: Elevated proinflammatory cytokines are strongly associated with TRD in PLWH, independent of viral replication and nicotine use. These findings support the potential utility of IL-6 as a stratification biomarker for immunomodulatory adjunctive therapies.

The Filtered Face of Beauty: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in the Association Between TikTok Algorithmic Filters and Skin Lightening Practices Among Indonesian Adolescents Nadia Khoirina; Wisnu Wardhana Putra; Abdullah Assagaf; Muhammad Yusuf; Sana Ullah
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i2.300

The proliferation of augmented reality (AR) filters on TikTok has introduced a hyper-idealized and often racialized standard of beauty. In Indonesia, where post-colonial ideals of whiteness persist, the algorithmic enforcement of light skin tones may exacerbate body dysmorphia. This study investigates the correlation between TikTok beauty filter usage and the intention to engage in skin bleaching practices, examining self-esteem as a mediating mechanism. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using a stratified purposive sampling technique across five major provinces in Indonesia (n = 1,452 adolescent girls, aged 13–19). Participants completed an online survey measuring TikTok Filter Usage Intensity (TFUI), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Skin Bleaching Intentions and Practices Scale (SBIPS). Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), incorporating Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Full Collinearity Assessment for Common Method Bias. High-intensity filter usage was significantly associated with lower self-esteem (beta = -0.42, p < 0.001) and higher skin bleaching intentions (beta = 0.38, p < 0.001). Self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between filter usage and bleaching practices (Variance Accounted For = 25.7%). The model demonstrated high predictive relevance (Q-square = 0.312) and explained 58.2% of the variance in skin bleaching intentions (R-square = 0.582). In conclusion, TikTok’s algorithmic filters serve as a significant predictor of chemical body modification behaviors. The digital whitening provided by filters creates a psychological gap, driving the consumption of skin-lightening products.

The Filtered Face of Beauty: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in the Association Between TikTok Algorithmic Filters and Skin Lightening Practices Among Indonesian Adolescents Nadia Khoirina; Wisnu Wardhana Putra; Abdullah Assagaf; Muhammad Yusuf; Sana Ullah
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i2.300

The proliferation of augmented reality (AR) filters on TikTok has introduced a hyper-idealized and often racialized standard of beauty. In Indonesia, where post-colonial ideals of whiteness persist, the algorithmic enforcement of light skin tones may exacerbate body dysmorphia. This study investigates the correlation between TikTok beauty filter usage and the intention to engage in skin bleaching practices, examining self-esteem as a mediating mechanism. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using a stratified purposive sampling technique across five major provinces in Indonesia (n = 1,452 adolescent girls, aged 13–19). Participants completed an online survey measuring TikTok Filter Usage Intensity (TFUI), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Skin Bleaching Intentions and Practices Scale (SBIPS). Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), incorporating Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Full Collinearity Assessment for Common Method Bias. High-intensity filter usage was significantly associated with lower self-esteem (beta = -0.42, p < 0.001) and higher skin bleaching intentions (beta = 0.38, p < 0.001). Self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between filter usage and bleaching practices (Variance Accounted For = 25.7%). The model demonstrated high predictive relevance (Q-square = 0.312) and explained 58.2% of the variance in skin bleaching intentions (R-square = 0.582). In conclusion, TikTok’s algorithmic filters serve as a significant predictor of chemical body modification behaviors. The digital whitening provided by filters creates a psychological gap, driving the consumption of skin-lightening products.

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