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All Journal Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Bulletin of Islamic Research
Islam, Nazrul
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Religion Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Seismic Fragility of Fixed and Flexible Base RC Bridge under Near-Fault Directivity Effects Khurshid, Fahad Bin; Izhar, Md Shafquat; Islam, Nazrul; Khan, Nabeel Ahmed; Khan, Mohd. Bilal
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 12 No. 1 (January 2026)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.22631

Abstract

Reinforced Concrete bridges are widely used in highway infrastructure due to their cost-effectiveness and structural redundancy. However, they are highly vulnerable to seismic hazards, particularly in near-fault regions where ground motions exhibit extreme intensity and short-duration energy pulses. Near-fault ground motions are characterized by high-energy velocity pulses with long periods, pulse-like waveforms, and significant peak values, which can lead to severe structural damage. As modern design practices shift toward performance-based design, the vulnerability of bridges under these different types of near-fault ground motions have become an emerging area of interest for researchers and designers. However, a common practice is to assume fixed-base conditions for bridge piers during vulnerability assessments, which may lead to inaccurate results. The effect of assuming fixed-base conditions on the vulnerability assessment of bridge piers remains an open question. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of seismic damage propagation in a simply supported multi-span RC bridge subjected to near-fault pulse-like ground motions with directivity effects. The bridge is modeled under two distinct foundation conditions: fixed-base and flexible-base, with the latter incorporating soil-structure interaction through a pile group foundation. The analytical framework employs Incremental Dynamic Analysis to develop seismic fragility curves, offering a thorough evaluation of the system-level performance. The results reveal that SSI significantly alters the structural response, with median normalized changes of approximately 27% in drift and 30% in base shear. In some cases, the normalized drift demand increased by up to 76.8%, whereas the normalized base shear decreased by up to 51.1%, indicating substantial shifts in deformation and force distribution. These variations significantly affect the energy dissipation capacity of the bridge, which is essential for mitigating damage progression and enhancing seismic resilience.
Interfaith Marriage in Bangladesh: A Theological and Sociological Study of Challenges, Barriers, and Backlash Islam, Nazrul
Bulletin of Islamic Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Educational Foundation for Qur'anic Exegesis and Hadith Studies (Yayasan Pendidikan Tafsir Hadis)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69526/bir.v4i1.413

Abstract

This study explores the challenges faced by interfaith couples in Bangladesh, focusing on legal, cultural, and psychological barriers. It examines the impact of religious doctrines, legal frameworks, and societal norms on these unions. Drawing on socio-anthropological theories of religious pluralism and personal law, this research investigates how religious identity and legal structures intersect to shape the experiences of interfaith couples in Bangladesh. While interfaith marriage has been studied in various contexts, little attention has been paid to Bangladesh’s specific legal and religious landscape. Existing research points to significant legal barriers and social stigma, particularly for women, but lacks an integrated approach to the theological and institutional dimensions of these challenges. Using a qualitative research design, the study employs in-depth interviews, case studies, and document analysis. Participants included interfaith couples, religious scholars, and legal experts. Data were analyzed thematically to uncover key challenges and societal responses. The study finds that interfaith couples face doctrinal conflict, religious opposition, legal barriers, familial rejection, and societal exclusion. The Special Marriage Act (1872) is underutilized, and religious biases in legal systems exacerbate these challenges. Women are disproportionately affected, facing psychological distress, economic instability, and legal insecurity. The research highlights the need for a Uniform Civil Code and broader societal sensitization to promote legal protections, reduce stigma, and ensure equal rights for interfaith couples. This study offers a unique theological and sociological analysis of interfaith marriage in Bangladesh, contributing new insights into legal reform and social inclusion.
Co-Authors Izhar, Md Shafquat Khan, Mohd. Bilal Khan, Nabeel Ahmed Khurshid, Fahad Bin