Reyes, Marc Eric S.
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Understanding the New Stress Factors Affecting Teachers' Burnout: A Scoping Review Thomas, Joby; Reyes, Marc Eric S.
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 28, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The teaching profession is extremely vulnerable to burnout. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic posed new threats and changed the educational environment, the perceptions and the values of teachers. The traditional in-person learning approach was quickly replaced by distant online learning to continue education. As schools reopened, a new educational platform, the hybrid learning model, evolved by fusing the two learning models. The high expectations placed on teachers to swiftly adopt new teaching methods—often without the required resources or training—exacerbated their exhaustion. We conducted a scoping review to determine the new stress factors that cause teachers’ burnout, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. A total of 27 studies were systematically reviewed, and we identified numerous stress factors that affect teachers’ burnout. These stressors increased the already existing difficulties, magnifying their detrimental impacts. The stress factors were categorized as organizational, individual, transactional, emotional, cultural, or digital. This review suggests additional research is needed to understand the prevalence of teacher burnout and the effects that these stressors have on teachers’ personal and professional lives over time. Despite these challenges, this study demonstrates the need for more in-depth analysis to develop means to reduce teachers’ burnout and support them in maintaining their professional lives.
Burnout Symptoms among Millennial Teachers in India: The Efficacy of the Emotional Self-Care Online Intervention Program (ESCOIP) Thomas, Joby; Reyes, Marc Eric S.
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 28, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The experiences of millennial teachers—currently comprising the majority of the teaching workforce—have gained attention in scholarly research. The phenomenon of teacher burnout, in particular, has gained greater attention in recent years due to its grave impact on the educational system and the well-being of teachers. Thus, developing an effective online intervention program is crucial to alleviate and avoid burnout among millennial teachers. Using Conklin’s program development model, which involves three phases, (1) planning, (2) design and implementation, and (3) evaluation and program validation, this study investigated the effectiveness of the Emotional Self-Care Online Intervention Program (ESCOIP) in treating burnout symptoms among Indian millennial teachers. The participants comprised teachers from Kerala, South India, born between the early 1980s and mid-1990s (N = 521), who were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. We used the sociodemographic survey, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator survey, and focus group discussions to understand the prevalence and complexities involved in this problem. Paired t-test and MANOVA were used for data analysis, while partial eta squared (η2p) measured the extent of the effect of the ESCOIP. Results of the paired t-test and MANOVA revealed a statistically significant effect. Therefore, the program’s outcomes demonstrated that the ESCOIP serves as an effective treatment for the burnout symptoms experienced by millennial teachers.
Identity after Impairment: Development of an Athletic Identity Model of Filipino Para-athletes Lagundino, Marian M.; Reyes, Marc Eric S.; Cayubit, Ryan Francis O.
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 28, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Athletic Identity (AthID) is an aspect of the self-concept that refers to how one identifies with the role of an athlete and seeks acknowledgment of that role. This identity is not salient in all individuals, but AthID is activated for those who regard their athletic role as significant. Our objective was to develop a theoretical model to elucidate how Filipino para-athletes can cultivate their distinct athletic identity after acquiring a disability. The present study explored the athletic identities of 12 Filipino para-athletes, aged 24 to 63, who developed physical impairment and continued participating and competing in their chosen sports. Using the grounded theory method, we conducted in-depth interviews with our participants. Our findings showed that the transformation of athletes into para-athletes is a continuous journey shaped by internal reflections, external interactions, and personal development. This process ultimately leads to creating a distinct identity for para-athletes. It involves dealing with the challenges brought about by a disability, overcoming emotional and psychological obstacles, and ultimately embracing a para-athlete identity marked by inspiration, strength, and self-empowerment. Our athletic identity model of Filipino para-athletes suggests that transitioning from being an athlete to becoming a para-athlete is complex and diverse. This theory offers valuable knowledge about how people adjust and transform their sense of self after experiencing life-changing events.
Body Acceptance, Body Dysmorphia Symptoms, and Selfie Behavior: Unpacking their Relationships Among Filipinos Reyes, Marc Eric S.; Ang Tong, Alyssa Ashley O.; Cada, Sherry Lyn H.; Lopez, Raymond Nathan A.; Natividad, JV Louise D.
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 29, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The emergence and proliferation of social media gave rise to “selfitis,” an obsession-compulsive engagement in photo selfie-related activities. This phenomenon raises a problem, especially for people experiencing body acceptance concerns and body dysmorphia symptoms, as both of these variables may be linked with photo selfie-taking behavior. With the Philippines having the second-highest average daily social media usage globally, this study explored the association between body acceptance, body dysmorphia symptoms, and selfie behavior. We utilized a cross-sectional explanatory design and investigated the possible mediating and moderating role of body dysmorphia symptoms in the relationship between body acceptance and selfies among 506 Filipinos aged 18–58 who voluntarily completed an online battery of tests measuring body acceptance, body dysmorphia symptoms, and selfie behavior. The results showed that body dysmorphia symptoms moderated and partially mediated the association between body acceptance and selfie behavior, offering a more in-depth understanding of these constructs among our Filipino sample. No clinical association was found between selfie-taking and body dysmorphia symptoms, challenging the notion that frequent selfie-taking is a direct symptom of body acceptance issues. Therefore, understanding and addressing body acceptance concerns requires us to move beyond one-size-fits-all approaches and always consider the specific cultural contexts in which they arise.
Religiosity and Attitudes toward Suicide Among Filipinos Reyes, Marc Eric S.; Daluping, Therese Angelie C.; Dela Cruz, Omar Joseph SJ.; Estremadura, Sigmund Gabriel A.; Gavino, Jonah Emmanuel D.; Villanueva, Elaine G.; Jacob, Alvin L., III
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 29, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Religiosity is generally negatively associated with attitudes toward suicide. Religious individuals typically have more negative attitudes toward suicide than individuals with lower levels of religiosity. This is partly due to the belief that suicide goes against many religious teachings that revere life as a sacred gift from God. Hence, using a cross-sectional, predictive design, we aimed to investigate the link between religiosity and suicide attitudes and how much religiosity predicts different suicide attitudes. Using non-probability convenience sampling, 1148 Filipino participants aged 18–65 completed an online test battery: Centrality of Religiosity Scale Interreligious form-20 and Attitudes Toward Suicide Scale. Results revealed that religiosity is significantly associated with and predicts eight suicide-related attitudes, namely, suicide as a right, incomprehensibility, preventability, tabooing, normal-common, suicidal process, preparedness to prevent, and resignation. These results indicate that religiosity primarily negatively predicts certain attitudes toward suicide among Filipinos. Our findings reveal the critical role that religiosity plays in Filipinos' attitudes toward suicide, which may have significant implications for preventing and understanding suicidality in the Philippines.
The Role and Influence of Media Coverage and Social Media on Suicides: A Scoping Review Buac, Kevin Miko; Austria, Janine Trixia; Monsanto, Claro Emmanuel; Ponce, Ma. Jamaica Monique; Soriano, Arnold Christopher; Suzuki, Mystie; Reyes, Marc Eric S.
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 29, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Numerous factors contribute to suicide ideation; recent studies highlight that the media’s presentation of suicide plays a significant role in influencing suicide ideation and attempts among their audience. This study aims to evaluate the extent of the literature on traditional media reporting and social media in the context of suicide ideation and attempts, considering social media as a distinct yet relevant domain with its widespread reach and user-driven nature. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews was employed to retrieve relevant studies and address the following questions: (1) What potential factors and phenomena in media reporting are relevant to suicide ideation and attempts among adults and adolescents in various countries? (2) What are the current solutions to improve media reporting in the context of suicide ideation and attempts among adults and adolescents in various countries? (3) What are the implications of the factors and solutions on media reporting regarding suicide ideation and attempts among adults and adolescents in various countries? The findings indicate and show that media reporting methods are a crucial contributor to suicide prevention. Implementing changes in these methods warrants suicide prevention instead of mediation.