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All Journal Journal of Tecnologia Quantica Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Creative Technology
Harris, Robert
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Physics

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Quantum Thermodynamics: The Second Law in the Quantum World Miller, David; Harris, Robert; Ivanova, Yulia
Journal of Tecnologia Quantica Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/quantica.v2i2.1962

Abstract

The second law of thermodynamics is one of the basic principles of physics that applies in the classical and quantum worlds. Although this principle is widely accepted, its application in quantum systems is still the subject of intense research. This research focuses on the application of the second law of thermodynamics in the quantum world, with an emphasis on the influence of quantum entanglement on entropy and energy changes in quantum systems. The purpose of this study is to explore how the second law of thermodynamics applies in quantum systems and how quantum entanglement affects the rate of entropic change. This study aims to identify the differences between quantum systems and classical systems in the context of thermodynamics. This study uses experimental and simulation methods on simple quantum systems, such as trapped ions, to measure changes in entropy as temperature increases. The data obtained were analyzed to identify the influence of quantum entanglement on the rate of entropy change and how this differs from classical systems. The results showed that quantum entanglement affected the rate of entropy increase, with quantum systems showing slower entropy changes compared to classical systems. This suggests that entropy in quantum systems is not only affected by temperature, but also by quantum interactions between particles. This study concludes that the second law of thermodynamics remains valid in the quantum world, but with significant modifications due to the influence of quantum entanglement. These findings pave the way for the development of more complex and applicable quantum thermodynamic models, which can be used in the design of future quantum technologies.
Impact Investing vs. Philanthropy: A Comparative Analysis of Funding Models for Long-Term Sustainability in Social Entrepreneurship Murah, Murah; Rahman, Rashid; Harris, Robert
Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Creative Technology Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jseact.v2i4.2595

Abstract

Social entrepreneurship has emerged as a critical force for addressing complex global challenges. However, the long-term sustainability of these ventures remains a significant hurdle. A central debate within the sector concerns the efficacy of its two primary funding paradigms: traditional grant-based philanthropy, which prioritizes social outcomes, and market-driven impact investing, which demands both social and financial returns. This research provides a rigorous comparative analysis of impact investing and philanthropic funding models. It specifically investigates how each model distinctly influences the long-term operational and financial sustainability, scalability, and mission integrity of established social enterprises. A qualitative, multiple case study methodology was employed. The study analyzed a purposively selected sample of (n=12) mature social enterprises, stratified into two cohorts: six funded primarily by philanthropy and six funded primarily by impact capital. Data were gathered via semi-structured interviews with founders/CEOs and longitudinal analysis of organizational reports and financial statements. The findings indicate that philanthropic funding is essential for early-stage risk-taking and deep-impact programming but often correlates with restricted growth and long-term funding dependency. Conversely, impact investing successfully drives operational discipline and scalability. This model, however, introduces significant pressures that increase the risk of “mission drift” as enterprises prioritize financial benchmarks over core social objectives. Neither funding model is unilaterally superior. The research concludes that long-term sustainability in social entrepreneurship is not an “either/or” proposition. It is best achieved through a strategically phased, hybrid financial ecosystem that leverages philanthropy for mission-critical capacity-building and impact investing for scaling proven, market-based solutions.
Co-Authors Ivanova, Yulia Miller, David Murah Murah Rahman, Rashid