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All Journal Multidisciplinary Innovations and Research in Applied Engineering
Baskara Surya Widagdo
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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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The Effect of Infill Variation on the Tensile, Bending, Impact, Hardness, and Density Properties of PLA and ABS Materials Produced by FDM Saeful Rofi Romadhon; Wahyu Hidayat; Baskara Surya Widagdo
Multidisciplinary Innovations and Research in Applied Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Akademi Inovasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70935/1nh12096

Abstract

Additive Manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) method offers high flexibility in the production of polymer components through process parameter settings, one of which is the infill percentage that affects mechanical performance. This study analyzes the effect of infill variations (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) on the mechanical properties of two popular thermoplastic materials, Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Testing was conducted according to ASTM standards, including tensile strength, bending strength, impact strength, hardness, and density. The results show that PLA has higher tensile strength (47–53 MPa), bending strength, and hardness compared to ABS (33–38 MPa). Conversely, ABS demonstrates better toughness through higher impact values, while the difference in density is relatively small and insignificant. Increasing the infill percentage is proven to enhance strength and hardness in both materials, but this is accompanied by an increase in material consumption. These findings indicate a trade-off between stiffness and toughness, so material selection must be tailored to application requirements. PLA is more suitable for precision components requiring dimensional stability, while ABS is recommended for applications with dynamic loads and impact risks. This study provides a practical foundation for optimizing FDM parameters, particularly material and infill, in engineering, medical, and consumer product applications.
Comparative Mechanical Performance of FDM-Printed PETG and ABS at Different Infill Percentages Saeful Rofi Romadhon; Baharudin Priwintoko; Wahyu Hidayat; Baskara Surya Widagdo
Multidisciplinary Innovations and Research in Applied Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Akademi Inovasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70935/y4n8aq82

Abstract

The use of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) in additive manufacturing requires a material selection strategy that considers not only strength, but also the balance between stiffness, ductility, toughness, and surface resistance. This study evaluates the comparative mechanical performance of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% infill using FDM printing and performance-map analysis. Specimens were designed according to ASTM standards and printed using the same printer, hexagonal infill pattern, print speed, and build orientation, while material-specific parameters such as extrusion temperature, heated bed temperature, layer height, first-layer height, enclosure, and cooling fan setting were adjusted according to ABS and PETG processing requirements. Mechanical characterization included tensile, flexural, impact, Shore D hardness, and density tests. The highest tensile strength was obtained by PETG at 100% infill, reaching 40.74 MPa, while ABS at the same infill reached 38.72 MPa. PETG also showed the highest elongation at break of 16.16%, flexural strength of 59.51 MPa, and impact strength of 0.053 J/mm². In contrast, ABS produced the highest surface hardness, reaching 84.17 Shore D at 100% infill, compared with 80.42 Shore D for PETG. The density values of both materials increased with infill and became similar at 100% infill, namely 1.00 g/cm³. These findings confirm a clear trade-off between strength, toughness, resilience, and hardness in FDM materials. PETG offers a more balanced mechanical profile for applications that require strength, deformation tolerance, and impact resistance, while ABS remains relevant for applications that prioritize rigidity and surface hardness.
Co-Authors Baharudin Priwintoko Saeful Rofi Romadhon Saeful Rofi Romadhon Wahyu Hidayat