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All Journal International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)
Emil Fadli Nugroho, Muhammad
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Nursing Public Health

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Hba1c and Blood Pressure Correlation In Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Muhammad Gugun, Adang; Suryanto, Suryanto; Emil Fadli Nugroho, Muhammad; Bintang Bari, Pravda
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v2i3.76

Abstract

The primary metabolic disorder in diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia, which can be assessed through glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as an indicator of long-term blood glucose control. Abnormal glucose metabolism may affect vascular function and contribute to increased blood pressure, making hypertension a common complication among patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the correlation between HbA1c levels and blood pressure in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping involving 90 subjects aged 31–65 years, consisting of 48 men and 42 women. HbA1c levels were measured using the boronate affinity method, and blood pressure was assessed with a sphygmomanometer. Statistical analysis used the independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation with a significance level of α = 0.05. The mean HbA1c level was 10 ± 2.08%, mean systolic pressure 132.75 ± 18.04 mmHg, and mean diastolic pressure 83.28 ± 10.38 mmHg. Hypertension occurred in 36.66% of subjects. The results showed no significant differences in blood pressure between sexes or glycemic control groups and no significant correlation between HbA1c levels and blood pressure. These findings suggest that factors other than glycemic control may influence blood pressure in diabetic patients.
Hba1c and Blood Pressure Correlation In Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Muhammad Gugun, Adang; Suryanto, Suryanto; Emil Fadli Nugroho, Muhammad; Bintang Bari, Pravda
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v4i4.257

Abstract

The primary metabolic disorder in diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia, which can be assessed through glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as an indicator of long-term blood glucose control. Abnormal glucose metabolism may affect vascular function and contribute to increased blood pressure, making hypertension a common complication among patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the correlation between HbA1c levels and blood pressure in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping involving 90 subjects aged 31–65 years, consisting of 48 men and 42 women. HbA1c levels were measured using the boronate affinity method, and blood pressure was assessed with a sphygmomanometer. Statistical analysis used the independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation with a significance level of α = 0.05. The mean HbA1c level was 10 ± 2.08%, mean systolic pressure 132.75 ± 18.04 mmHg, and mean diastolic pressure 83.28 ± 10.38 mmHg. Hypertension occurred in 36.66% of subjects. The results showed no significant differences in blood pressure between sexes or glycemic control groups and no significant correlation between HbA1c levels and blood pressure. These findings suggest that factors other than glycemic control may influence blood pressure in diabetic patients.
Correlation Between Hba1c Levels, Emotional Stress And Dm Distress In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Muhammad Gugun, Adang; Alam Romadhon Suryanto, Yusuf; Emil Fadli Nugroho, Muhammad; Bintang Bari, Pravda
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.376

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the correlation between HbA1c levels, emotional distress, and diabetes-related distress (DM distress) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Poor diabetes control and life stressors often lead to increased emotional and DM distress, which may elevate blood glucose through activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. An analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design was used. Participants were outpatients with T2DM at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital, selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. HbA1c levels were analyzed using the boronate affinity method. Emotional distress was measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42), and DM distress was assessed using the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS-17). Statistical analysis employed the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality and the Spearman correlation test, with a significance level of α = 0.05. A total of 45 subjects participated (23 males and 22 females). The mean HbA1c level was 9.2 ± 2.6%, the mean emotional distress score was 80.2 ± 19, and the mean DM distress score was 2.49 ± 0.93. The results revealed significant positive correlations between HbA1c levels and emotional distress (r = 0.46, p = 0.001), HbA1c levels and DM distress (r = 0.52, p = 0.000), and between emotional distress and DM distress (r = 0.62, p = 0.000). These findings indicate that higher emotional and DM distress are associated with poorer glycemic control. Integrating psychosocial evaluation and emotional support into diabetes care is essential to improve metabolic and psychological outcomes in T2DM patients.
Co-Authors Alam Romadhon Suryanto, Yusuf Bintang Bari, Pravda Muhammad Gugun, Adang Suryanto Suryanto