Sastra dan sejarah di Kabupaten Gowa merupakan dua entitas yang saling berkelindan dalam membentuk konstruksi identitas budaya masyarakat. Berbagai bentuk teks tradisional seperti lontaraq, kelong, tuturan lisan, hingga legenda-lagenda lokal tidak hanya menjadi ekspresi artistik, tetapi juga arsip historis yang merekam perkembangan sosial, politik, dan budaya Gowa dari masa kejayaan Kerajaan Gowa–Tallo hingga era modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bagaimana identitas, nilai budaya, dan dinamika sosial masyarakat Gowa direpresentasikan melalui karya-karya sastra dan catatan sejarahnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif melalui analisis tekstual pada sumber sastra tradisional, dokumen lontaraq, serta literatur sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sastra berfungsi sebagai mekanisme penguatan identitas kolektif, penjaga nilai budaya siri’, pacce, lempu, dan getteng, sekaligus menjadi refleksi perubahan sosial akibat modernisasi dan pergeseran budaya. Dengan demikian, sastra Gowa memainkan peran strategis dalam memahami rekam jejak sejarah dan dinamika sosial masyarakat setempat. Literature and history in Gowa Regency are two interrelated entities that collectively shape the cultural identity of its society. Various forms of traditional texts, such as lontaraq, kelong, oral narratives, and local legends, function not only as artistic expressions but also as historical archives documenting the social, political, and cultural development of Gowa from the era of the Gowa–Tallo Kingdom to the modern period. This study aims to describe how identity, cultural values, and social dynamics of Gowa’s society are represented through its literary works and historical records. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through textual analysis of traditional literary sources, lontaraq manuscripts, and historical literature. The findings reveal that literature serves as a mechanism for strengthening collective identity, preserving cultural values such as siri’, pacce, lempu, and getteng, as well as reflecting social changes influenced by modernization and cultural shifts. Thus, Gowa’s literary tradition plays a strategic role in understanding the historical traces and social dynamics of the local community.