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Association between HIV Clinical Stage and The Incidence of Opportunistic Infections among HIV/AIDS Patients at Banten Regional Hospital in 2020-2024 Trasia, Reqgi First; Safitri, Dina Lutfia; Irawati, Nur Bebi Ulfah
Jurnal Medis Islam Internasional Vol 7 No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : UNUSA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/iimj.v7i2.7105

Abstract

Introduction: Untreated HIV conditions can progress to AIDS, which is the terminal phase of HIV infection, making the body more susceptible to other infections called opportunistic infections. Opportunistic infections are generally not dangerous for healthy people but can be fatal if they affect people with immunosuppression, such as HIV/AIDS patients. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between HIV clinical stage and the incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients at Banten Regional Hospital in 2020–2024. Methods: This study is retrospective with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling, and the sample size calculation used the two-proportion comparison formula. The research data were analyzed univariate and bivariate using SPSS 26.0 Program. The research hypothesis was tested using the Chi-square statistical test and the Mantel-Haenszel Common Odds Ratio Estimate. Results: The respondents in this study were 242 HIV/AIDS patients. The results of the analysis showed that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS at Banten Regional Hospital in 2020-2024 was 0.06%, with the highest proportion being stage I (50.83%), stage III (26.45%), stage IV (14.88%), and stage II (7.85%). The prevalence of opportunistic infections was 45.45%. Of the 110 patients identified as having opportunistic infections, 141 infections were obtained. Some patients had one type of opportunistic infection (81.82%), two types of opportunistic infections (11.82%), and ≥ three types of opportunistic infections (6.36%). The proportion of opportunistic infections based on etiology was dominated by bacterial infections (73.76%), parasitic infections (13.48%), fungal infections (6.38%), and viral infections (6.38%). The most common opportunistic infections suffered by HIV/AIDS patients at Banten Regional Hospital were tuberculosis (44,68%) and toxoplasmosis (9,93%). Conclusions: Based on bivariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between the clinical stage of HIV and the incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients at Banten Regional Hospital in 2020–2024.
Plant survey analisis risiko pada UKM produksi pangan lokal Sari, Ita Marlita; Azzami, M Kaamil; Akhwazain, Syahla; Adinda P, Zahra; Ifany S, Ria Novian; Amalina, Alya Nur; Khalisa, Shakila Nur; Safitri, Dina Lutfia; Hidayat, Putri; Mutiara, Ratu Annisa; Pradiva M, Kania; Hakyanto, Eka; Fitrullah, Muhammad
SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Vol 10, No 2 (2026): April (In Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jpmb.v10i2.38479

Abstract

AbstrakUsaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) pangan memainkan peran penting dalam perekonomian lokal, namun keberlanjutannya seringkali terancam oleh praktik Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) yang tidak memadai. Data nasional menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kecelakaan kerja di industri pangan skala mikro berasal dari standar operasional yang tidak memadai. Pekerja rumahan di perkotaan umumnya melaporkan keluhan muskuloskeletal, sementara paparan asap masakan yang berkepanjangan meningkatkan risiko infeksi pernapasan akut. Kapasitas teknis yang terbatas, kurangnya fasilitas, dan tidak adanya prosedur operasi standar meningkatkan bahaya kerja di kalangan pekerja informal. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bahaya di tempat kerja, menilai risiko kesehatan, dan mengembangkan rekomendasi peningkatan K3 untuk UKM Sate Bandeng dalam binaan Puskesmas Singandaru di Serang, Banten. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada November 2024, dengan menerapkan metode campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif, termasuk observasi partisipatif kegiatan produksi, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis risiko menggunakan matriks frekuensi-keparahan. Temuan mengungkapkan berbagai bahaya di berbagai aspek fisik, kimia, biologis, ergonomis, psikososial, dan keselamatan. Para pekerja mengalami gejala pernapasan akibat paparan asap, ketegangan muskuloskeletal akibat tugas berulang dan berdiri terlalu lama, adanya risiko infeksi dari penanganan ikan mentah, dan stres terkait pekerjaan. Bahaya berisiko tinggi diidentifikasi berupa potensi sengatan listrik yang disebabkan oleh stopkontak yang tidak tertutup. Meskipun tindakan pencegahan seperti penggunaan masker dan alat pemadam kebakaran tersedia, penerapannya masih belum konsisten. Penguatan kepatuhan penggunaan APD, peningkatan ventilasi, dan pengamanan instalasi listrik merupakan strategi praktis dan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan perlindungan kesehatan kerja di tempat kerja sektor informal. Kata kunci: UKM; keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja; risiko bahaya. Abstract Food Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in local economies, yet their sustainability is frequently challenged by inadequate Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) practices. National reports indicate that most workplace accidents in micro-scale food industries stem from insufficient operational standards. Urban home-industry workers commonly report musculoskeletal complaints, while prolonged exposure to cooking smoke elevates the risk of acute respiratory infections. Limited technical capacity, lack of facilities, and absence of standard operating procedures increase occupational hazards among informal workers. This community service project aimed to identify workplace hazards, assess health risks, and develop OHS improvement recommendations for a Milkfish Satay SME supervised by the Singandaru Community Health Center in Serang, Banten. Conducted in November 2024, the study applied mixed qualitative and quantitative methods, including participatory observation of production activities, in-depth interviews, and risk analysis using a frequency and severity matrix. Findings revealed multiple hazards across physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, psychosocial, and safety domains. Workers experienced respiratory symptoms from smoke exposure, musculoskeletal strain from repetitive tasks and prolonged standing, infection risks from handling raw fish, and work-related stress. A high-risk hazard was identified in the form of potential electric shock caused by uncovered electrical outlets. Although preventive measures such as mask use and fire extinguishers were available, their implementation remained inconsistent. Strengthening PPE compliance, improving ventilation, and securing electrical installations are practical and sustainable strategies to enhance occupational health protection in informal sector workplaces. Keywords: SME; occupational safety and health; hazard risk.