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All Journal ISLAM NUSANTARA: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture
Mukhtar, Abdullah
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Religion Arts Humanities Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Revisiting Sino–Indonesian Encounters: A Neo-Tributary Perspective on Power, Economy, and Islamic Maritime History Utama, Virdika Rizky; Mukhtar, Abdullah
Islam Nusantara: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Islam Nusantara: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture
Publisher : Faculty of Islam Nusantara, Nahdlatul Ulama University of Indonesia (Unusia) Jakarta.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47776/islamnusantara.v7i1.1819

Abstract

Patterns of Indonesia–China relations over the past two decades reveal an increasingly asymmetrical economic partnership shaped by large-scale investment in infrastructure and extractive industries. Strategic projects, such as the high-speed railway and nickel processing, illustrate how financial and technological dependence has deepened Indonesia’s structural vulnerability within the bilateral relationship. Interpreting these developments through the historical logic of the tributary system sheds light on emerging power hierarchies that resemble a modern neo-tributary order. Evidence from academic studies and media sources underscores the need for a more autonomous and strategically calibrated foreign policy to safeguard national sovereignty amid intensifying regional competition.  
Co-Authors Utama, Virdika Rizky