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All Journal Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology (JMGCB)
Alkhirsan, Zainab M Jawad
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Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing

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COVID-19–RELATED LUNG INJURY: A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL OVERVIEW Alkhirsan, Zainab M Jawad; Alyasiry, Esraa A.; Abdulhadi, Ali M Hussein
Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jmgcb.v3i1.1601

Abstract

Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of the key histopathological features associated with COVID-19–related lung injury and to clarify the extent of vascular and inflammatory involvement in the disease. Method: A literature review analyzing reported histopathological findings in COVID-19 lung specimens, comparing them with other viral infections such as H1N1 influenza, and correlating them with clinical and radiological data. Results: Findings consistently highlight diffuse alveolar damage (exudative and proliferative phases), type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, microthrombosis, and occasional osseous metaplasia. Additional observations include inflammatory infiltrates, endothelial injury, and cytokine-related damage (e.g., IL-6 upregulation). COVID-19 shows more extensive alveolar and vascular involvement than many other viral infections, though findings vary across patients and comorbidities. Novelty: The review underscores that although several histopathological features overlap with other viral pneumonias, the severity of vascular injury and the complexity of the inflammatory response in COVID-19 distinguish it. It also stresses the diagnostic value of integrating histopathological, clinical, and radiological evidence to better understand disease pathogenesis.
Co-Authors Abdulhadi, Ali M Hussein Alyasiry, Esraa A.